Vinegar made from non-Kosher wine or non-Kosher grape juice is not Kosher.
Vinegar made from Kosher wine or grape juice that was not boiled can still become non-Kosher if a non-Jew touches it, unless the vinegar is so strong that it bubbles when poured onto the ground.
On Shabbat, it's forbidden to add liquids into vinegar with the intent of making more vinegar.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:56, 47:10
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 9 Elul 5777
Thursday, August 31, 2017
Halocho #1897 - Vinegar
Wednesday, August 30, 2017
Halocho #1896 - Are your Mezuzot Kosher?
Some people have the custom to get their תְּפִלִּין and מְזוּזוֹת checked yearly during the month of אֱלוּל.
At the very least one should check one's מְזוּזוֹת twice every 7 years.
Those תְּפִלִּין that are used daily do not need to be checked unless they get wet. However, one should check them every few years since they do wear out eventually.
Those תְּפִלִּין that are only used occasionally should be checked twice every 7 years.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128:3, 11:25, 10:26
Ktiva Vechatima Tova
- Danny
Wednesday, 8 Elul 5777
Tuesday, August 29, 2017
Halocho #1895 - Talking can kill you!
According to some opinions, today (7 Elul) is the days the 10 spies died as a punishment for talking evil about the land of Israel.
Any speech that can result in a person being harmed - emotionally, financially or otherwise - even if it's accurate - is usually forbidden.
When there's a real need for the information to be passed along - e.g. to prevent harm to others - it is often permitted to relay the information. One needs to learn the Halachot of when this applies, since sometimes it's forbidden to withhold the information, other times it's forbidden to relay the information.
Source: Orach Chaim 580:2, Chofetz Chaim, Hil. Shmiras Halashon, Intro.
Ktiva Vechatima Tova
- Danny
Tuesday, 7 Elul 5777
Monday, August 28, 2017
Halocho #1894 - Excel in one Mitzvah
Doing תְּשׁוּבָה - repenting - is a Mitzva mentioned in the Torah.
Even though Hashem is prepared to accept our תְּשׁוּבָה all year round, the days from רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ אֱלוּל until יוֹם הַכִּפּוּר are an auspicious period for improving one's ways.
This dates back to משֶׁה going up to הַר סִינַי to receive the second set of לוּחוֹת; Moshe went up on רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ אֱלוּל and returned 40 days later on יוֹם הַכִּפּוּר with the second set of לוּחוֹת.
At the very least one should choose to improve on one Mitzva or Halacha during this period.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128: 1
Ktiva Vechatima Tova
- Danny
Monday, 6 Elul 5777
Sunday, August 27, 2017
Halocho #1893 - Good year wishes
From the beginning of the month of Elul until after Yom Kippur, one should add seasonal greetings when writing to friends.
This can be done at the start or end of the letter.
One should wish them - or bless them - with a good year; to be inscribed in the book of good life.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128: 2
Ktiva Vechatima Tova; with wishes for a year full of blessings
- Danny
Sunday, 5 Elul 5777
Thursday, August 24, 2017
Halocho #1892 - Removing nails and hangnails on Shabbat
One may not cut off hangnails on Shabbat; not with an instrument, nor by hand and not even by biting it off.
(Hangnail: A small piece of dead skin at the side or the base of a fingernail that is partly detached from the rest of the skin.)
One may not cut nails on Shabbat. If a nail is partly disconnected it may not be detached on Shabbat.
If a nail is almost completely detached - and will eventually fall off - and it's causing discomfort, one can remove it by hand but not with an instrument.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:55
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 2 Elul 5777
Wednesday, August 23, 2017
Halocho #1891 - When do Selichot start?
This morning - Rosh Chodesh Elul - we started blowing the Shofar.
Starting tomorrow - Thursday - Sefardim say סְלִיחוֹת before שַׁחֲרִית and continue doing so the entire month of Elul until Erev Yom Kippur.
This year סְלִיחוֹת - for Ashkenazim - start on Sunday (26 Elul / 17 September), 4 days before Rosh Hashana.
The סְלִיחוֹת should be said before שַׁחֲרִית, towards the end of the night. The end of the night is an עֵת רָצוֹן; an auspicious time when Hashem is more receptive to listening to one's prayers.
When arising for סְלִיחוֹת one should wash one's hands even if it's still night, and make the Bracha "עַל נְטִילַת יָדָיִם".
One should say the 2 Brachot of בִּרְכַּת הַתּוֹרָה before saying סְלִיחוֹת.
After Selichot one should wash one's hands again (if the first washing was pre-dawn), but one does not repeat the Bracha.
One should preferably stand during סְלִיחוֹת; during the "אֵ-ל מֶלֶךְ יוֹשֵׁב" and 13 Middot and the Viddui one must stand.
The Chazzan for סְלִיחוֹת should preferably be a Torah Scholar, well liked and if possible married with children and over 30 years of age. However, any Jew can be a Chazzan as long as the community approves. The same applies to the Chazzan for Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur as well as the person blowing the Shofar.
The סְלִיחוֹת are not said on Shabbat.
Source: Shulchan Aruch 581, 1
Ktiva Vechatima Tova; may all your prayers be answered,
Chodesh Tov
- Danny
Wednesday, 2nd day Rosh Chodesh Elul 5777
Tuesday, August 22, 2017
Halocho #1890 - Why do we blow the Shofar during the month of Elul?
Today - Tuesday - is the first day of Rosh Chodesh Elul. Today's date is 30 Av 5777
Tomorrow - Wednesday - is the second day of Rosh Chodesh Elul, and the first day of the month of Elul.
The next 40 days, starting tomorrow, correspond to the 40 days that Moshe spent on Har Sinai, to receive the 2nd set of לוּחוֹת (Tablets with the 10 commandments written on them).
Moshe came down with these לוּחוֹת on Yom Kippur. Ever since, these 40 days are especially auspicious for Teshuva; repenting.
The custom is to blow the Shofar after שַׁחֲרִית from tomorrow, until Tuesday, 28 Elul (19 September), as a reminder to start improving one's Torah observance and to repent for past misdeeds.
On עֶרֶב רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה the Shofar is not blown, in order to create a division between the custom of blowing Shofar in Elul and the Torah-commandment to blow Shofar on Rosh Hashana.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128:1, 2
Chodesh Tov
- Danny
Tuesday, 1st day Rosh Chodesh Elul 5777
Monday, August 21, 2017
Halocho #1889 - Erev Rosh Chodesh Elul!
The 2 days of Rosh Chodesh Elul begin tonight - Monday night.
One needs to add יַעֲלֶה וְיָבא - into the 17th Bracha of the Amida - רְצֵה.
If one forgets to do so during the Amida of מַעֲרִיב - on either day - one does not need to make amends, since the Sanhedrin did not sanctify the month at night.
If one forgets to do so during שַׁחֲרִית or מִנְחָה, then one has to return to the 17th Bracha of the Amida - רְצֵה - and make amends.
If one already finished the Amida - by saying יִהְיוּ לְרָצוֹן אִמְרֵי פִי - then one needs to restart the Amida.
One also needs to add יַעֲלֶה וְיָבא - into בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 19:10
Chodesh Tov!
- Danny
Monday, 29 Menachem Av 5777
Sunday, August 20, 2017
Halocho #1888 - Tomorrow - Monday - is Yom Kippur Kattan
The day before Rosh Chodesh is called יוֹם כִּפּוּר קָטָן.
Mincha (the afternoon prayers) on יוֹם כִּפּוּר קָטָן includes prayers asking for repentance, so as to begin the new month with a "clean slate".
Some have the custom to fast on יוֹם כִּפּוּר קָטָן.
In anticipation of the month of Elul and the upcoming High Holidays, most communities say the יוֹם כִּפּוּר קָטָן prayers before Rosh Chodesh Elul, in order to get into the Teshuva (repentance) mood.
Tomorrow - Monday - is Yom Kippur Kattan. Rosh Chodesh Elul will be on Tuesday and Wednesday.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 97:1, 128:1
- Danny
Sunday, 28 Menachem Av 5777
Thursday, August 17, 2017
Halocho #1887 - Watering meat on Shabbat
Meat has to Kashered (soaked, salted and rinsed to remove the blood) within 3 days of being slaughtered.
If this is not possible then the meat has to be hosed down every 3 days.
It is forbidden to hose down meat on Shabbat, however, one may ask a non-Jew to do so, to prevent the meat from becoming forbidden.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:57
Shabbat Shalom uMevorach
Rosh Chodesh Elul will be on Tuesday and Wednesday.
- Danny
Thursday, 25 Menachem Av 5777
Wednesday, August 16, 2017
Halocho #1886 - Wash your face daily
Upon awakening one should wash one's hands from a cup, alternating between the right and left hand until each hand is washed 3 times.
Two reasons are given:
- You are starting a new day of serving Hashem; similar to a כֹּהֵן who had to wash his hands before serving in the בֵּית הַמִּקְדָשׁ.
- Part of the נְשָׁמָה leaves the body when one sleeps, therefore sleeping is considered a mini-death which generates impurity which needs to be washed away.
One should then wash one's face in honor of one's Maker, since the Pasuk says that man was created in Hashem's image. כִּי בְּצֶלֶם אֱ-לֹקים עָשָׂה אֶת הָאָדָם
One should be careful to dry one's hands and face, for health reasons.
One should also rinse one's mouth, in anticipation of saying Hashem's name during prayers.
On fast-days, one may not rinse one's mouth.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:1, 3, 121:10
- Danny
Wednesday, 24 Menachem Av 5777
Tuesday, August 15, 2017
Halocho #1885 - May one say Tehillim by heart?
The תּוֹרָה is divided into two parts: תּוֹרָה שֶׁבִּכְתָב, the written-law (תנ"ך) and תּוֹרָה שֶׁבְּעַל פֶּה, the oral-law (Mishna and Gemara).
Even if one knows parts of תּוֹרָה שֶׁבִּכְתָב by heart, one should be careful not say them without a text.
The exception being those verses that everybody knows by heart like those תְּהִלִּים said often during prayers like אַשְׁרֵי.
If possible, one should pray from a סִדּוּר, since Davening includes many verses that not everybody knows by heart.
Blind people are allowed to say everything by heart.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 1:6
- Danny
Tuesday, 23 Menachem Av 5777
Monday, August 14, 2017
Halocho #1885 - Preparing the weekly Parsha
It's a Mitzvah to review the weekly Torah Reading by reading it twice in the original and once with the (Aramaic) Onkelus translation.
One who doesn't understand (or appreciate) Onkelus may read Rashi instead or even an English translation.
One may start on Sunday already and one should finish before the Torah is read on Shabbat morning.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 72:11
- Danny
Monday, 22 Menachem Av 5777
Sunday, August 13, 2017
Halocho #1884 - Are you bored? Do a Mitzvah!
There's a Mitzvah to be aware of Hashem's presence all the time.
Anytime one thinks of Hashem and the fact that He runs the world and that He is aware of our every movement and thought, one fulfills a Mitzvah.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 1:1
- Danny
Sunday, 21 Menachem Av 5777
Thursday, August 10, 2017
Halocho #1883 - How far can I walk on Shabbat?
As long as you're within the city limits, you can walk as far as you like.
However, once you leave the city you cannot go more than 2,000 Amot (slightly less than 1 Km, slightly more than half a mile) away from the city limit.
How to decide on the halachic edge of the city requires experts in Halacha.
If one needs to walk more than 2,00 Amot past the edge of the city limit one needs to do עֵרוּבֵי תְּחוּמִין, which can be found in some Siddurim.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 1:95 - 1,5
- Danny
Thursday, 18 Menachem Av 5777
Wednesday, August 9, 2017
Halocho #1882 - How do I know if fruit is Kosher?
Fresh fruit is always Kosher, however, it may have an עָרְלָה problem, as per yesterday and Sunday's Halocho.
When in doubt if the tree is less than 4 years old:
- In Israel, the fruit of such a tree is forbidden. (This is one of the reasons that fruit needs Rabbinic Supervision in Israel. Other issues include Shmita, נֶטַע רְבָעִי and the separation of Terumot and Ma'asrot.)
- Outside of Israel, the fruit is allowed, as long as you don’t pick it yourself. This is the way Moshe was given the Halocho at Har Sinai.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 173:2, Mishna Orlo, 3:9
- Danny
Wednesday, 17 Menachem Av 5777
Tuesday, August 8, 2017
Halocho #1881 - What comes after the 3 years of עָרְלָה?
The Torah prohibits of eating fruit from trees less than 3 years old, as per Sunday's Halocho about עָרְלָה.
In the 4th year, the fruit is called נֶטַע רְבָעִי and needs to be "redeemed" by transferring its status onto a coin. The coin needs to be worth at least פְּרוּטָה, which is 0.025 grams of pure silver; less than 2 US pennies at today's rate.
One says "I am redeeming the נֶטַע רְבָעִי into this coin". The coin is then destroyed and disposed of.
Instead of a coin, one can use fruit worth about 2 pennies, which then needs to be destroyed.
After redeeming them, the נֶטַע רְבָעִי - fourth-year fruit - can be eaten, anywhere by anybody.
Sources: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 173:2
- Danny
Tuesday, 16 Menachem Av 5777
Monday, August 7, 2017
Halocho #1880 - Why is today - Tu B'Av - a joyous day?
A number of joyous events happened over the years on the 15th of the month of Av - Tu B'Av.
- It was the day the Generation-of-the-Wilderness realized that the sin of the spies had been forgiven, in the year 2488.
- It was the day that the tribes were allowed to intermarry, including orphaned daughters (as per בְּמִדְבַּר ל"ו:ח) once all those who conquered the Land had passed away.
- On the same day the tribe of בִּנְיָמִין was allowed to intermarry with other tribes, after the scandal of גִּבְעָה (as per שֹּׁפְטִים Ch. 19 - 21), around the year 2524.
- It was the day that King הוֹשֵׁעַ בֶּן אֵלָה removed the blockades that the wicked King יָרָבְעָם בֶּן נְבָט had placed on the roads, preventing the Jews from going to Jerusalem for the שָׁלֹשׁ רְגָלִים about 75 years earlier, around the year 3040.
- It was the day the Romans allowed those massacred by the wicked Hadrian in Beitar to be buried, some time after he died in 138 (C.E).
- It was the day they stopped chopping wood for the altar in the Bet Hamikdash every year, as it marks the end of "summer" (as per Rashi on Bereishis 8:22) and the start of the 2 months of "heat". The wood had to be worm free to be used on the altar and had to be fully dried before the rainy season.
This gave everybody more time for learning Torah - and therefore Tu B'Av is the Joyous Day of Increased Torah Learning (and one does not say Tachanun on Tu B'Av.)
Source: The Book of Our Heritage, Vol 3 page 307-313
- Danny
Monday, 15 Menachem Av 5777
Sunday, August 6, 2017
Halocho #1879 - Three years of עָרְלָה for trees
For 3 years after planting a tree, one may not eat its fruit, nor derive any benefit from the fruit, peels or pits. This is a Torah prohibition of עָרְלָה and applies to trees planted anywhere on the planet by anybody.
How to count these 3 years:
- Trees planted until Tu B'av (tomorrow - 15th of the month of Av; 45 days before רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה) have their first birthday on רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה, and 2 years later they turn "three years old".
- Trees planted less than 45 days before רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה need to count three years from their first רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה.
These laws of עָרְלָה apply to trees grown from shoots or pits, and sometimes to trees that have been replanted. A tree that was cut and its stump is less than 1 טֶפַח (about 9 cm - 3.5 inches) high becomes עָרְלָה again.
One does not say תַּחֲנוּן on Tu B'Av, nor at מִנְחָה the afternoon before. A bride and groom do not fast on their wedding day if it's on Tu B'Av.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 22:8, 146:2, 173:1,3,4
- Danny
Sunday, 14 Menachem Av 5777
Thursday, August 3, 2017
Halocho #1878 - Shabbat Nachamu
Usually, the הַפְטָרָה is connected to the weekly קְרִיאַת הַתּוֹרָה.
During the 7 weeks following the fast of תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב, we read the שִׁבְעָה דְּנֶחָמָתָא - the Seven Haftarot of Consolation from יְשַׁעְיָהוּ.
This week's Shabbat is named after the opening words of the first of the Seven Haftarot of Consolation: נַחֲמוּ נַחֲמוּ עַמִּי - Hashem instructs the prophet Yeshayahu to "Console, console My people". (Isaiah Ch. 40)
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128:4
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 11 Menachem Av 5777
Wednesday, August 2, 2017
Halocho #1877 - Tish'a B'Av isn't over yet
We mourn and fast on תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב since the בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ was burned to the ground. The fire was ignited on the 9th of Av in the afternoon and burned throughout the 10th of Av.
Therefore the restrictions of "the 9 days" continue until after midday on the 10th of Av (today - Wednesday).
The custom is to refrain from eating meat and wine, bathing, doing laundry, shaving and haircuts, saying שֶׁהֶחִיָּנוּ and listening to music until Wednesday noon.
One may make a סְעוּדַת מִצְוָה (like a Brit) in the morning, with meat and wine.
(When תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב is on Thursday - as will happen in 3 years time if the בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ is not yet rebuilt - then these Halachot are slightly different.)
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 124:20-22
- Danny
Wednesday, 10 Menachem Av 5777