Showing posts with label Pessach. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Pessach. Show all posts

Wednesday, May 22, 2024

Halocho #2413 - Today is Pessach Sheni


Today - Wednesday - is Pessach Sheni - the 2nd Pessach.

In the time of the Bet Hamikdash, if a person couldn't bring the Korban Pessach on Erev Pessach, they have a 2nd chance a month later.

In the afternoon of 14th Iyar they would bring the Korban Pessach and roast it. After nightfall they would eat it with Matza and Marror. The leftovers were burnt the next morning.

Unfortunately this year we again missed both chances to bring the Korban Pessach.

Source: Bamidbar 9:9-12
דַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר אִישׁ אִישׁ כִּי יִהְיֶה טָמֵא לָנֶפֶשׁ אוֹ בְדֶרֶךְ רְחֹקָה לָכֶם אוֹ לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם וְעָשָׂה פֶסַח לַה':
בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר יוֹם בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם יַעֲשׂוּ אֹתוֹ עַל מַצּוֹת וּמְרֹרִים יֹאכְלֻהוּ:
לֹא יַשְׁאִירוּ מִמֶּנּוּ עַד בֹּקֶר וְעֶצֶם לֹא יִשְׁבְּרוּ בוֹ כְּכָל חֻקַּת הַפֶּסַח יַעֲשׂוּ אֹתוֹ: 

- Danny Schoemann
Wednesday, 14 Iyar 5784 - 29th day of the Omer

Please daven for the full recovery of the seriously wounded soldier 
מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּילָא לרפואה שלמה

Sunday, April 21, 2024

Halocho #2396 - Should one use a candle for Bedikat Chametz?

Tonight - Sunday night - one may not do any work, nor eat anything, until one has checked the house for Chametz.

Before one starts searching the house for Chametz the entire house needs to be cleaned, and the Chametz that one plans to use until mid-morning on Monday morning needs to be put in a secure place.

First one says the Bracha:
"...אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל בִּעוּר חָמֵץ"
"… to destroy Chametz", since the point of the search is to rid the house of Chametz.

After the search is complete one says “Kol Chamira” declaring:

All leaven or anything leavened which is in my possession, 
which I have neither seen nor removed and about which I am unaware, 
shall be considered nullified and ownerless as the dust of the earth.

This declaration constitutes a Halachic “destroying Chametz”, which is why one shouldn't interrupt between the Bracha, the searching and the Kol Chamira with anything unrelated to the search.

One may appoint other members of the household to help with the search, as long as they are over Bar/Bat Mitzvah.

The search is done using a single candle which provides the optimal light for searching. A torch (like a Havdala candle) is not allowed – as it’s a fire hazard and it gives a flickering light – and if it was used one needs to redo the search.

Search under all furniture, inside all closets, pockets of all clothes worn in the past year, school bags, purses, cars and anywhere else where Chametz could have been placed accidentally or purposely by adults, children or toddlers.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:1-10
בַּלַּיְלָה שֶׁלִּפְנֵי עֶרֶב פֶּסַח בּוֹדְקִין אֶת הֶחָמֵץ. וְחַיָּבִין לִבְדּוֹק מִיָּד בִּתְחִלַּת הַלָּיְלָה. וְאָסוּר לְהַתְחִיל לֶאֱכֹל אוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת שׁוּם מְלָאכָה חֲצִי שָׁעָה קֹדֶם הַלָּיְלָה.

אֵין בּוֹדְקִין אֶלָּא בְּנֵר שֶׁל שַׁעֲוָה יְחִידִי, וְלֹא קְלוּעַ מִשּׁוּם דַּהֲוֵי כַּאֲבוּקָה. וּבִשְׁעַת הַדְּחַק שֶׁאֵין לוֹ נֵר שֶׁל שַׁעֲוָה, יִבְדֹּק בְּנֵר שֶׁל חֵלֶב.

בּוֹדֵק כָּל הַחֲדָרִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָחוּשׁ שֶׁמָּא הִכְנִּיסוּ בָּהֶם חָמֵץ, אֲפִלּוּ הַמַּרְתְּפִים וְהָעֲלִיּוֹת וְהַחֲנֻיּוֹת וּבֵית הָעֵצִים. כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָחוּשׁ שֶׁמָּא הִכְנִיסוּ שָׁם חָמֵץ, צְרִיכִין לְבָדְקן. וְכֵן צְרִיכִין לִבְדּוֹק כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁמַּחְזִיקִים בָּהֶם חָמֵץ. וְקֹדֶם הַבְּדִיקָה יְכַבְּדוּ הֵיטֵב כָּל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת וִינַקּוּ אוֹתָם מִכָּל חָמֵץ, לְמַעַן יְהֵא נָקֵל לוֹ אַחַר כָּךְ לְבָדְקָם.

צְרִיכִין לִבְדֹּוֹק בְּכָל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת בַּחוֹרִין וּבִסְּדָקִין, כָּל מַה שֶּׁאֶפְשָׁר. וְגַם הַכִּיסִים שֶׁבִּבְגָדִים שֶׁלּוֹ וְשֶׁל תִּינוֹקוֹת, שֶׁלִּפְעָמִים נוֹתְנִים בָּהֶן חָמֵץ, צְרִיכִין בְּדִיקָה. וִינַעֲרֵם הֵיטֵב לְמַחַר בִּשְׁעַת הַבִּעוּר.

קֹדֶם שֶׁמַּתְחִיל לִבְדֹּק, יְבָרֵךְ אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל בִּעוּר חָמֵץ. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעַתָּה עֲדַיִן אֵינוֹ מְבַעֲרוֹ, מִכָּל מָקוֹם מְבָרֵךְ עַל בִּעוּר, לְפִי שֶׁמִּיָּד לְאַחַר הַבְּדִיקָה יְבַטֵּל אֶת הֶחָמֵץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ לוֹ, וְהוּא הַבִּעוּר לְחָמֵץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ לוֹ. וְלֹא יַפְסִיק בֵּין הַבְּרָכָה לִתְחִלַּת הַבְּדִיקָה. וְטוֹב שֶׁלֹּא יַפְסִיק עַד גְּמָר כָּל הַבְּדִיקָה, אֶלָּא בְּמַה שֶּׁהוּא מֵעִנְיַן הַבְּדִיקָה. וְיָכוֹל לִבְדֹּוֹק כַּמָּה בָתִים בִּבְרָכָה אֶחָת.

There is no need to turn off the electric lights while searching with a candle, since with more light it’s easier to find Chametz.

After searching with a candle in those places where it’s safe and convenient to do so, one should continue with a flashlight, so that one can search safely and calmly without fear of burning down the house.
Source: Rabbi Shimon Eider zt”l, Halachos of Pessach, Vol. 1, page 86

One does not say מִזְמוֹר לְתוֹדָה nor לַמְנַצֵּחַ from Erev Pessach until Isru Chag.

- Danny Schoemann
Sunday, 13 Nissan 5784

Please daven for the full recovery of the soldier
מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא
לרפואה שלמה

Tuesday, April 16, 2024

Halocho #2393 - Why do the firstborns fast?

How do firstborns celebrate the fact that they were saved from the 10th plague - the smiting of Egyptian firstborns?

On Erev Pessach - this coming Monday - all firstborns will fast in memory of them fasting in Egypt on Erev Pessach, to ensure they wouldn't be punished along with the Egyptians in the 10th plague.

The Hallel said at the Seder includes praise for their delivery.

All firstborn males fast; even if they're only a firstborn to one of their parents.

Even firstborns who are exempt from Pidyon haBen - like Cohanim, Levites or being born after a stillborn - also have to fast.

The father of a young firstborn needs to fast for him.

Whether a firstborn (or his father) may attend a Se'udat Mitzva like a Siyum, Brit or Pidyon haBen and break his fast to participate in the meal, depends on local / family custom.

After breaking his fast, he can eat the rest of the day.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 113:6

הַבְּכוֹרִים בֵּין בְּכוֹר לְאָב בֵּין בְּכוֹר לְאֵם, מִתְעַנִּים בְּעֶרֶב פֶּסַח, אֲפִלּוּ חָל בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת. וְגַם הַבָּא אַחַר הַנְּפָלִים, צָרִיךְ לְהִתְעַנּוֹת. וְכַל זְמַן שֶׁהַבְּכוֹר קָטָן, הָאָב מִתְעַנֶּה תַּחְתָּיו. בִּסְעוּדַּת מִצְוָה אִם מֻתָּרִים לֶאֱכוֹל, תַּלְיָא בְּמִנְהַג הַמְּקוֹמוֹת.

- Danny Schoemann
Tuesday, 8 Nissan 5784

Please daven for the full recovery of the wounded soldier
מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא
לרפואה שלמה

Monday, April 15, 2024

Halocho #2392 - Selling Chametz to a non-Jew

Since most of us don't want to start selling Chametz on Erev Pessach, one can go to most local Rabbis and appoint them as a messenger to sell our Chametz.

The Rabbi will make a legal sale of the Chametz including a legal document and a deposit. Realize that this is a bona fide sale, and that the non-Jew is entitled to come to our homes and request we hand over our Chametz, as has occasionally happened.

After Pesach, the Rabbi goes to the non-Jew and asks to be paid the remainder of the debt and offers to buy back the Chametz from the non-Jew at a higher price. Since the non-Jew usually prefers to make a quick profit rather than paying for hundreds of items scattered throughout the city, he will sell the Chametz to the Rabbi.

One should only sell Chametz and not the containers it's in - especially not containers that require Tevila, like metal and glass, otherwise one would need to Toivel them in a Mikva after Pessach since they belonged to a non-Jew during Pesach.

Chametz that has been sold (via the Rabbi) must be locked away so that one doesn't accidentally use it, which would be a double problem: Chametz on Pessach and stealing from the non-Jew.

Even if one has no intention of keeping Chametz in one's home, one should still go to a Rabbi to appoint him to sell one's Chametz. Why?

A lot of products may be Chametz contrary to popular belief - depending on the latest production methods - like medications, creams, soaps or even food which one discovers later wasn't really Kosher for Pesach.

During Pessach one may discover Chametz that one wasn't aware of, or that one forgot to get rid of in the last-minute pre-Pessach rush.

If one sold all one's Chametz then one didn't own any during Pessach; a Torah prohibition.

Chametz that belonged to a Jew during Pessach may not be used after Pessach. This is a Rabbinical decree; a punishment for owning the Chametz.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 114

 מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ הַרְבֵּה חָמֵץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְבַעֲרוֹ מִן הָעוֹלָם, צָרִיךְ לְמָכְרוֹ לְאֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא עֲדַיִן מֻתָּר בַּהֲנָאָה. 
וְלֹא יְהֵא עִנְיַן מְכִירַת חָמֵץ אֵצֶל הָאָדָם כְּמוֹ מִצְוַת אֲנָשִׁים מְלֻמָּדָה, אֶלָּא צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּגְמוֹר בְּדַעְתּוֹ שֶׁהוּא מוֹכְרוֹ בֶּאֱמֶת לְהָאֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי מְכִירָה גְּמוּרָה וַחֲלוּטָה. וְלֹא יִמְכּוֹר בְּיֹקֶר מִן הַמְּחִיר הָרָאוּי. וּלְאַחַר הַפֶּסַח יְבַקֵּשׁ מֵאֵת הָאֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי שֶׁיְשַׁלֵּם לוֹ אֶת הַחוֹב. וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְשִׁיבֵהוּ שֶׁאֵין לוֹ כֶּסֶף, יְבַקֵּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ שֶׁיַּחֲזוֹר וְיִמְכּוֹר לוֹ אֶת הֶחָמֵץ עִם (הַחֶדֶר) בְּעַד כָּךְ וְכָךְ. 
וְלֹא יְהֵא הַדָּבָר כְּחוֹכָא בְּעָלְמָא, אֶלָּא כְּדֶרֶךְ הַסּוֹחֲרִים מַמָש.
צְרִיכִין לִזָּהֵר שֶׁלֹּא לֵהָנוֹת לְאַחַר הַפֶּסַח מֵחֲמֵצוֹ שֶׁל יִשְֹרָאֵל שֶׁהוּא חָשׁוּד שֶׁלֹּא מְכָרוֹ כַּדָּת.

- Danny Schoemann
Monday, 7 Nissan 5784

Please daven for the full recovery of the seriously wounded soldier
מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא
לרפואה שלמה

Thursday, April 11, 2024

Halocho #2390 - The second day of Pesach

On the second night of Pesach we start counting the 49 days of Sefirat Ha'Omer; culminating with Shavuoth.

On the second day of Pesach one should do something at the meal to commemorate Queen Esther's second feast, which ended with the wicked Haman being hanged on that day.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 103:6

בְּיוֹם שֵׁנִי שֶׁל פֶּסַח, יֵשׁ לַעֲשׂוֹת בַּסְּעוּדָּה אֵיזֶה דָּבָר, לְזֵכֶר סְעוּדַּת אֶסְתֵּר שֶׁהָיְתָה בְּיוֹם זֶה, שֶׁבּוֹ בַּיּוֹם נִתְלָה הַמָּן.

Shabbat Shalom,

- Danny Schoemann
Thursday, 3 Nissan 5784

Please daven for the full recovery of the seriously wounded soldier
מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא
לרפואה שלמה

Wednesday, April 10, 2024

Halocho #2389 - May one soak Matzah?

At the Seder,  Matzah should preferably be eaten "dry". However, if one has trouble chewing it, one may soak it in water.

The elderly and the unwell who cannot eat Matza soaked in water, can soak it in wine or other drinks.

Either way, one must be careful that the soaked Matza doesn't fall apart, and one may not soak it for 24 hours.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 119:6

מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִלְעֹס מַצָּה, מֻתָּר לִשְׁרוֹתָהּ בְּמַיִם לְרַכְּכָהּ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא תְהֵא נִמְחָה לְגַמְרֵי. 
וּמִי שֶׁהוּא זָקֵן אוֹ חוֹלֶה וְאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְאָכְלָהּ שְׁרוּיָה בְּמַיִם, יָכוֹל לִשְׁרוֹתָהּ בְּיַיִן אוֹ בִּשְׁאָר מַשְׁקִים. 
כְּשֶׁשּׁוֹרִין אֶת הַמַּצָּה לָצֵאת בָּהּ, צְרִיכִין לִזָּהֵר שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁרוֹתָהּ מֵעֵת לְעֵת כִּי אָז נֶחְשֶׁבֶת כִּמְבֻשֶׁלֶת וְאֵין יוֹצְאִין בָּהּ. וְגַם צְרִיכִין לִזָּהֵר בִּשְׁאָר דְּבָרִים, שֶׁלֹּא יַפְסִיד דִּין לֶחֶם.

- Danny Schoemann
Wednesday 2 Nissan 5784

Please daven for the full recovery of the seriously wounded soldier
מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא
לרפואה שלמה

Wednesday, April 3, 2024

Halocho #2384 - Is January the first month?

This Shabbat for Maftir we will read Parshas HaChodesh (Exodus Ch. 12, Verses 1-20).

Parshas HaChodesh reminds us of the following upcoming Mitzvot:
  • The month of Nissan (which begins on Tuesday) is the first month on the Jewish calendar, as the opening words of Parshat Hachodesh proclaim:
"הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חֳדָשִׁים רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם לְחָדְשֵׁי הַשָּׁנָה"
"This month is for you the first month".
  • The laws of Korban Pessach: sacrificed on Erev Pessach in the afternoon, it had to be roasted whole and then eaten on the first night of Pessach with Matza and Marror (bitter herbs).
וְאָכְלוּ אֶת הַבָּשָׂר בַּלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה צְלִי אֵשׁ וּמַצּוֹת עַל מְרֹרִים יֹאכְלֻהוּ.
אַל תֹּאכְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ נָא וּבָשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל בַּמָּיִם כִּי אִם צְלִי אֵשׁ רֹאשׁוֹ עַל כְּרָעָיו וְעַל קִרְבּוֹ.
  • Leftovers had to be burnt on the first day of Chol Hamo'ed.
וְהַנֹּתָר מִמֶּנּוּ עַד בֹּקֶר בָּאֵשׁ תִּשְׂרֹפוּ.
  • Matza needs to be made carefully to ensure it doesn't become Chametz (leaven).
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת הַמַּצּוֹת
  • The first and last days of Pessach are Yom Tov.
וּבַיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה לָכֶם כָּל מְלָאכָה לֹא יֵעָשֶׂה בָהֶם אַךְ אֲשֶׁר יֵאָכֵל לְכָל נֶפֶשׁ הוּא לְבַדּוֹ יֵעָשֶׂה לָכֶם
  • One may not own Chametz, nor eat it, during Pessach .
שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שְׂאֹר לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְּבָתֵּיכֶם כִּי כָּל אֹכֵל מַחְמֶצֶת וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מֵעֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּגֵּר וּבְאֶזְרַח הָאָרֶץ.
כָּל מַחְמֶצֶת לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם תֹּאכְלוּ מַצּוֹת.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 140:2

הַשַׁבָּת שֶׁלִּפְנֵי רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן, הִיא שַׁבָּת פָּרָשַׁת הַחֹדֶשׁ. וְאִם חָל רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ בַּשַׁבָּת, אָז הִיא פָּרָשַׁת הַחֹדֶשׁ, וְדִינָהּ כְּמוֹ רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ אֲדָר שֶׁחָל בַּשַׁבָּת. 

- Danny Schoemann
Wednesday, 24 Adar-2 5784

Please daven for the full recovery of the seriously wounded soldier
מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא
לרפואה שלמה

Tuesday, April 2, 2024

Halocho #2383 - Kashering from meat to milk

When needed, one can Kasher utensils that are not Kosher. E.g. if one puts a Milky spoon in a hot bowl of meat it cannot be used until it is Kashered.

One cannot Kasher a utensil that has been used in the past 24 hours with hot Chametz.

Before Pessach one can Kasher certain Chametz utensils to make them Kosher for Pessach.

Kashering must be done under the supervision of somebody who has learned all the intricate laws of Kashering, when possible.

When utensils are Kashered, they become Kosher and Parev; neither milky nor meaty.

The custom is to refrain from Kashering Milky utensils to use them subsequently for Meaty, or Meaty utensils to use them for Milky.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 46:15, 116:16, 18

נוֹהֲגִין שֶׁלֹּא לְהַגְעִיל כְּלִי חָלָב לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ בְּבָשָׂר אוֹ אִפְּכָא.

אִם אֶפְשָׁר יֵשׁ לְהַגְעִיל בִּפְנֵי בַּעַל תּוֹרָה הַבָּקִי בְּדִינֵי הַגְעָלָה 

אֵין לְהַגְעִיל אֶלָּא כְּלִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ בֶּן יוֹמוֹ, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁכְּבָר עָבַר מֵעֵת לְעֵת, מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁבִּשְׁלוּ בּוֹ חָמֵץ. וְכֵן הַיּוֹרָה שֶׁמַּגְעִילִין בָּהּ לֹא תְהֵא בַּת יוֹמָהּ.

- Danny Schoemann
Tuesday, 23 Adar-2 5784

Please daven for the full recovery of the seriously wounded soldier
מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא
לרפואה שלמה

Tuesday, March 26, 2024

Halocho #2378 - The earliest Bedikat Chametz is...?

Any area where there's a reasonable chance that somebody brought in Chametz needs Bedikat Chametz.

Even if it's being used for long-term storage, it has to be checked the night before you fill it, with a candle, to ensure there is no Chametz inside, even if it's being filled immediately after Pessach.

If you forgot to check it, then it depends:
  • If you plan on emptying it before Pesach, then you do not have to empty it now to check it.
  • If you plan on emptying it during Pessach then you have to empty it, check it at night for Chametz with a candle and then you can restock it.
  • If you only plan on emptying it after Pessach then it depends:
    • If it's within 30 days before Pessach then you have to empty it, check it at night for Chametz with a candle and then you can restock it.
    • If it's before Purim then you do not have to empty it now to check it.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:12

חֶדֶר שֶׁצָּרִיךְ בְּדִיקַת חָמֵץ, וְרוֹצֶה לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ אוֹצָר, פֵּרוּשׁ שֶׁרוֹצֶה לֶאֱצוֹר בְּתוֹכוֹ פֵּרוֹת אוֹ עֵצִים אוֹ שְׁאָר דְּבָרִים, שֶׁמֵּחֲמַת זֶה לֹא יוּכַל לְבָדְּקוֹ, כְּשֶׁיַּגִּיעַ לֵיל אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, צָרִיךְ לִבְדּוֹק תְּחִלָּה אֶת הֶחָמֵץ שָׁם בַּלַּיְלָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁבּוֹדְקִין אֶת הֶחָמֵץ לֵיל אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר. וַאֲפִלּוּ יֵשׁ עוֹד זְמַן רַב עַד הַפֶּסַח, וַאֲפִלּוּ מִיָּד לְאַחַר פֶּסַח שֶׁעָבַר. 
וּבְדִעֲבַד אִם לֹא בְּדָקוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ אוֹצָר, אִם דַּעְתּוֹ לְפַנּוֹתוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ זְמַן בְּדִיקַת חָמֵץ, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִטְרוֹחַ עַתָּה לְפַנּוֹתוֹ וּלְבָדְקוֹ. 

אֲבָל אִם דַּעְתּוֹ לְפַנּוֹתוֹ בְּתוֹךְ יְמֵי פֶּסַח, צָרִיךְ לְפַנּוֹתוֹ עַתָּה וּלְבָדְקוֹ, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ טֹרַח רַב וְחֶסְרוֹן כִּיס.

וְאִם עוֹשֶׂה אֶת הָאוֹצָר עַל דַּעַת שֶׁלֹּא לְפַנּוֹתוֹ עַד לְאַחַר הַפֶּסַח, אֲזַי יֵשׁ חִלּוּק בַּזְּמָן. 
אִם הוּא קֹדֶם שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבָדְקוֹ (אֶלָּא שֶׁאִם יֵשׁ שָׁם חָמֵץ יָדוּעַ, יְבַעֲרֶנּוּ תְּחִלָּה) וְיוֹעִיל לוֹ הַבִּטּוּל, שֶׁיְבַטֵּל כָּל חָמֵץ בִּזְמַנּוֹ. 

אֲבָל אִם הוּא תּוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, חַל עָלָיו חִיּוּב בְּדִיקָה, (כֵּיוָן שֶׁשּׁוֹאֲלִין וְדוֹרְשִׁין בְּהִלְכוֹת פֶּסַח קֹדֶם לַפֶּסַח שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם) וְצָרִיךְ לְבָדְקוֹ. וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּדִיעֲבַד אִם שָׁכַח וְלֹא בְדָקוֹ, צָרִיךְ לְפַנּוֹת אֶת הָאוֹצָר וּלְבָדְקוֹ בַלַּיְלָה תֵּכֶף לְאַחַר שֶׁנִּזְכָּר.

- Danny Schoemann
Tuesday, 16 Adar-2 5784

Please daven for the full recovery of the seriously wounded soldier
מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא
לרפואה שלמה

Sunday, March 24, 2024

Halocho #2377 - Shushan Purim is tonight

Today - Sunday - Purim is celebrated in most of the world. 

The Purim meal should begin with a Dvar-Torah. Since Purim is 30 days before Pessach, the following is an appropriate Purim-meal Dvar-Torah: 

“The laws of Pessach in Shulchan Aruch begin with: One should start learning the laws of Pessach thirty days before Pessach.” 

In Jerusalem - and other cities that were walled in the time Joshua-ben-Nun conquered the Holy Land - we celebrate Shushan-Purim a day later. 

On both Purim and Shushan-Purim Tachanun, Kel-Erach-Apaim and Lamenatze'ach are not said and fasting is not allowed. 

Don't forget to add עַל הַנִּסִּים during the Amida and Birkat Hamazon. 

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:23, 142:9, Shulchan Aruch 429:1

יוֹם חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בַּאֲדָר נִקְרָא אֶצְלֵנוּ שׁוּשַן פּוּרִים. אֵין אוֹמְרִים בּוֹ תַחֲנוּן, וְלֹא אֵל אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם, וְלֹא לַמְנַצֵּחַ. וְאָסוּר גַּם כֵּן בְּהֶסְפֵּד וְתַעֲנִית. וְנוֹהֲגִין בּוֹ קְצָת מִשְׁתֶּה וְשִׂמְחָה, אֲבָל אֵין אוֹמְרִים עַל הַנִּסִּים. 

עִיר שֶהִיא מֻקֶּפֶת חוֹמָה מִימוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן, קוֹרִין בָּהּ בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָֹר וְלֹא שְכִיחִי בִּמְדִינוֹתֵינוּ.

שׁוֹאֲלִין בְּהִלְכוֹת פֶּסַח קֹדֶם לַפֶּסַח שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם.

- Danny who celebrates Purim tomorrow.
Sunday, 14 Adar-2 5784

Next Halocho-a-day on Tuesday.

Please daven for the full recovery of the seriously wounded soldier
מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא
לרפואה שלמה

Thursday, April 6, 2017

Halocho #1806 - What's great about Shabbat Hagadol?

Today, 10 Nissan, in the year 2449, the Jews in Egypt selected lambs for their Pesach sacrifice.

Forty years later, on 10 Nissan, the prophetess Miriam - sister of Aaron and Moshe - died.

A year later on 10 Nissan, the Jews crossed the Jordan river, as recorded in Joshua 3-4.

The Jews in Egypt were commanded to take home a lamb for their pre-Exodus Seder on 10 Nissan, four days before it was going to be sacrificed.

It was a miracle that the Egyptians didn't harm the Jews when they did this, since lambs were considered sacred objects in Egypt.

Since we left Egypt on Thursday 15 Nissan, this miracle happened on a Shabbat. To commemorate this miracle, the Shabbat before Pesach is called Shabbat Hagadol - the Great Shabbat - and a special Haftarah is read; the last chapter in Malachi which predicts the future redemption, may we merit it in our days.

The custom is to read the narrative section of the Haggada - from Avadim Hayinu (we were slaves) until (but not including) Rabban Gamliel's admonition to say "Pesach, Matza and Marror" - at Mincha on Shabbat Hagadol.

Source: Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 430

Shabbat Shalom

- Danny
Thursday, 10 Nissan 5777


Tuesday, March 5, 2013

Halocho #1057- Kashering from meat to milk

When needed, one can Kasher utensils that are not Kosher. E.g. if one put a Milky spoon in a hot bowl of meat it cannot be used until it is Kashered.

Before Pessach one can Kasher certain Chametz utensils to make them Kosher for Pessach.

Kashering must be done under the supervision of somebody who has learned all the intricate laws of Kashering, when possible.

When utensils are Kashered, they become Kosher and Parev; neither milky nor meaty.

The custom is to refrain from Kashering Milky utensils to use them subsequently for Meaty, or Meaty utensils to use them for Milky.


Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 46:15, 116:18

- Danny
Tuesday, 23 Adar 5773

Sunday, June 26, 2011

Halocho #832 - Kashering from meat to milk

When needed, one can Kasher utensils that are not Kosher. E.g. if one put a Milky spoon in a hot bowl of Meat it cannot be used until it is Kashered.
Before Pessach one can Kasher certain Chametz utensils to make them Kosher for Pessach.
Kashering must be done under the supervision of somebody who has learned all the intrinsic laws of Kashering, when possible.

When utensils are Kashered, they become Kosher and Parev; neither milky nor meaty.

The custom is to refrain from Kashering Milky utensils to use them subsequently for Meaty, or Meaty utensils to use them for Milky.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 46:15, 116:18
- Danny
Sunday, 24 Sivan 5771

Wednesday, May 18, 2011

Halocho #806 - Today is Pessach Sheni

Today - Wednesday - is Pessach Sheni - the 2nd Pessach.

In the time of the Bet Hamikdash, if a person couldn't bring the Korban Pessach on Erev Pessach, they have a 2nd chance a month later.

In the afternoon of 14th Iyar they would bring the Korban Pessach and roast it. After nightfall they would eat it with Matza and Marror. The leftovers were burnt the next morning.

Unfortunately this year we again missed both chances to bring the Korban Pessach.

Source: Bamidbar 9:9-12

Wednesday, 14 Iyar 5771 - 29th day of the Omer
- Danny

Sunday, April 17, 2011

Halocho #789 - Erev Pessach check-list

Tomorrow - Monday - is Erev Pessach; a busy day.

- Remember to light a 26-hour candle (or leave on a flame on the stove) so that you can light Shabbat candles on Tuesday evening, if you live outside Israel .

- For details of the Fast of the Firstborn see Halocho #786.

- Prepare the Salt Water for the Seder.

- Roast the Egg and Bone.

- Open the boxes of Matza, so as not to tear writing on Yom Tov.

- Ensure the wine bottles can be opened on Yom Tov without tearing any writing; else open them beforehand.

- Ensure Challa has been separated from the Matza to be used on Yom Tov.

- Make the Charoset.

One does not say מִזְמוֹר לְתוֹדָה nor לַמְנַצֵּחַ from Erev Pessach until Isru Chag.

One may not eat Chametz after 1/3 of the day - and then one needs to burn one's Chametz and say Kol Chamira declaring all Chametz one owns to be ownerless like dust.

Work that may not be done on Chol Hamo'ed may not be done on Erev Pessach after noon. See Halocho #525 and #528 for details.

One may not eat Matza on Erev Pessach.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 113: 1 - 5

Wishing everybody a meaningful and enjoyable Pessach

- Danny
Sunday, 13 Nissan 5770 - tonight is Bedikat Chametz night

Thursday, April 14, 2011

Halocho #788 - The great Shabbat Hagadol

Today, 10 Nissan, in the year 2449, the Jews in Egypt selected lambs for their Pessach sacrifice.

Forty years later, on 10 Nissan, the prophetess Miriam - sister of Aaron and Moshe - died.

A year later on 10 Nissan, the Jews crossed the Jordan river, as recorded in Joshua 3-4.

The Jews in Egypt were commanded to take home a lamb for their pre-Exodus Seder on 10 Nissan, four days before it was going to be sacrificed.

It was a miracle that the Egyptians didn't harm the Jews when they did this, since lambs were considered sacred objects in Egypt.

Since we left Egypt on Thursday 15 Nissan, this miracle happened on a Shabbat. To commemorate this miracle, the Shabbat before Pessach is called Shabbat Hagadol - the Great Shabbat - and a special Haftara is read; the last chapter in Malachi which predicts the future redemption, may we merit it in our days.

The custom is to read the narrative section of the Haggada - from Avadim Hayinu (we were slaves) until (but not including) Rabban Gamliel's admonition to say "Pesach, Matza and Marror" - at Mincha on Shabbat Hagadol.

Source: Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 430

Shabbat Shalom

- Danny
Thursday, 10 Nissan 5770

Wednesday, April 13, 2011

Halocho #787 - Should one use a candle for Bedikat Chametz?

On Sunday night one may not do any work, nor eat anything, until one has checked the house for Chametz.
Before one starts searching the house for Chametz the entire house needs to be cleaned, and the Chametz that one plans to use until mid-morning on Monday morning needs to be put in a secure place.


First one says the Bracha
"אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל בִּעוּר חָמֵץ""… to destroy Chametz", since the point of the search is to rid the house of Chametz.


After the search is complete one says “Kol Chamira” declaring that "all Chametz one isn’t aware of " to be “ownerless and worthless like dust”.

This declaration constitutes a Halachic “destroying Chametz”, which is why one shouldn’t interrupt between the Bracha, the searching and the Kol Chamira with anything not related to the search.

One may appoint other members of the household to help with the search, as long as they are over Bar/Bat Mitzva.

The search is done using a single candle which provides the optimal light for searching. A torch (like a Havdala candle) is not allowed – as it’s a fire hazard and it gives a flickering light – and if it was used one needs to redo the search.

Search under all furniture, inside all closets, pockets of all clothes worn in the past year, schoolbags, purses, cars and anywhere else where Chametz could have been placed accidentally or purposely by adults, children or toddlers.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:1-10

There is no need to turn off the electric lights while searching with a candle, since with more light it’s easier to find Chametz.

After searching with a candle in those places where it’s safe and convenient to do so, one should continue with a flashlight, so that one can search safely and calmly without fear of burning down the house.

Source: Rabbi Shimon Eider zt”l, Halachos of Pessach, Vol. 1, page 86

- Danny
Wednesday, 9 Nissan 5770

Tuesday, April 12, 2011

Halocho #786 - Why do the firstborns fast?

Why don't firstborns celebrate the fact that they were saved from the 10th plague - the smiting of Egyptian firstborns?

On Erev Pessach - this coming Monday - all firstborns will fast in memory of them fasting in Egypt on Erev Pessach, to ensure they wouldn't be punished along with the Egyptians in the 10th plague.

The Hallel said at the Seder includes praise for their delivery.

All firstborn males fast; even if they're only a firstborn to one of their parents.

Even firstborns who are exempt from Pidyon haBen - like Cohanim, Levites or being born after a stillborn - also have to fast.

The father of a young firstborn needs to fast for him.

Whether a firstborn (or his father) may attend a Se'udat Mitzva like a Siyum, Brit or Pidyon haBen and break his fast to participate in the meal, depends on local / family custom.

After breaking his fast, he can eat the rest of the day.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 113:6, 115:2

- Danny
Tuesday, 8 Nissan 5770

Monday, April 11, 2011

Halocho #785 - Selling Chametz to a non-Jew

Since most of us don't want to start selling Chametz on Erev Pessach, one can go to most local Rabbis and appoint them as a messenger to sell our Chametz.

The Rabbi will make a legal sale of the Chametz including a legal document and a deposit. Realize that this is a bona fide sale, and that the non-Jew is entitled to come to our homes and request we hand over our Chametz, as has occasionally happened.

After Pessach the Rabbi goes to the non-Jew and asks to be paid the remainder of the debt and offers to buy back the Chametz from the non-Jew at a higher price. Since the non-Jew usually prefers to make a quick profit rather than paying for hundreds of items scattered throughout the city, he will sell the Chametz to the Rabbi.

One should only sell Chametz and not the containers it's in - especially not containers that require Tevila, like metal and glass, otherwise one would need to Toivel them in a Mikva after Pessach, since they belonged to a non-Jew during Pessach.

Chametz that has been sold (via the Rabbi) must be locked away so that one doesn't accidentally use it, which would be a double problem: Chametz on Pessach and stealing from the non-Jew.
Even if one has no intention of keeping Chametz in one's home, one should still go to a Rabbi to appoint him to sell ones Chametz. Why?


A lot of products may be Chametz contrary to popular belief - depending on the latest production methods - like medications, creams, soaps or even food which one discovers later wasn't really Kosher for Pessach.

During Pessach one may discover Chametz that one wasn't aware of, or that one forgot to get rid of in the last-minute pre-Pessach rush.


If one sold all ones Chametz then one didn't own any during Pessach.

Chametz that belonged to a Jew during Pessach may not be used after Pessach. This is a Rabbinical decree; a punishment for owning the Chametz.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 114

- Danny
Monday, 7 Nissan 5770

Sunday, April 10, 2011

Halocho #784 - Is burning Chametz wasteful?

The Torah forbids us to waste or destroy items that can still be used.

The Torah commands us to burn - or otherwise destroy - all Chametz in our possession on Erev Pessach morning.

Can we reconcile these 2 Halachot?

The Mitzva to destroy Chametz can be fulfilled with a bare minimum of Chametz; preferably with leftovers that nobody would be able to use. Usable Chametz can be donated to various charity organizations which will distribute it to the needy.

Alternately, Chametz can be sold to a non-Jew. More about that tomorrow.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 144

- Danny
Sunday, 6 Nissan 5770