Halocho #2396 - Should one use a candle for Bedikat Chametz?

Tonight - Sunday night - one may not do any work, nor eat anything, until one has checked the house for Chametz.

Before one starts searching the house for Chametz the entire house needs to be cleaned, and the Chametz that one plans to use until mid-morning on Monday morning needs to be put in a secure place.

First one says the Bracha:

"...אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל בִּעוּר חָמֵץ"

"… to destroy Chametz", since the point of the search is to rid the house of Chametz.

After the search is complete one says “Kol Chamira” declaring:

All leaven or anything leavened which is in my possession, 

which I have neither seen nor removed and about which I am unaware, 

shall be considered nullified and ownerless as the dust of the earth.

This declaration constitutes a Halachic “destroying Chametz”, which is why one shouldn't interrupt between the Bracha, the searching and the Kol Chamira with anything unrelated to the search.

One may appoint other members of the household to help with the search, as long as they are over Bar/Bat Mitzvah.

The search is done using a single candle which provides the optimal light for searching. A torch (like a Havdala candle) is not allowed – as it’s a fire hazard and it gives a flickering light – and if it was used one needs to redo the search.

Search under all furniture, inside all closets, pockets of all clothes worn in the past year, school bags, purses, cars and anywhere else where Chametz could have been placed accidentally or purposely by adults, children or toddlers.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:1-10

בַּלַּיְלָה שֶׁלִּפְנֵי עֶרֶב פֶּסַח בּוֹדְקִין אֶת הֶחָמֵץ. וְחַיָּבִין לִבְדּוֹק מִיָּד בִּתְחִלַּת הַלָּיְלָה. וְאָסוּר לְהַתְחִיל לֶאֱכֹל אוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת שׁוּם מְלָאכָה חֲצִי שָׁעָה קֹדֶם הַלָּיְלָה.

אֵין בּוֹדְקִין אֶלָּא בְּנֵר שֶׁל שַׁעֲוָה יְחִידִי, וְלֹא קְלוּעַ מִשּׁוּם דַּהֲוֵי כַּאֲבוּקָה. וּבִשְׁעַת הַדְּחַק שֶׁאֵין לוֹ נֵר שֶׁל שַׁעֲוָה, יִבְדֹּק בְּנֵר שֶׁל חֵלֶב.

בּוֹדֵק כָּל הַחֲדָרִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָחוּשׁ שֶׁמָּא הִכְנִּיסוּ בָּהֶם חָמֵץ, אֲפִלּוּ הַמַּרְתְּפִים וְהָעֲלִיּוֹת וְהַחֲנֻיּוֹת וּבֵית הָעֵצִים. כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָחוּשׁ שֶׁמָּא הִכְנִיסוּ שָׁם חָמֵץ, צְרִיכִין לְבָדְקן. וְכֵן צְרִיכִין לִבְדּוֹק כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁמַּחְזִיקִים בָּהֶם חָמֵץ. וְקֹדֶם הַבְּדִיקָה יְכַבְּדוּ הֵיטֵב כָּל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת וִינַקּוּ אוֹתָם מִכָּל חָמֵץ, לְמַעַן יְהֵא נָקֵל לוֹ אַחַר כָּךְ לְבָדְקָם.

צְרִיכִין לִבְדֹּוֹק בְּכָל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת בַּחוֹרִין וּבִסְּדָקִין, כָּל מַה שֶּׁאֶפְשָׁר. וְגַם הַכִּיסִים שֶׁבִּבְגָדִים שֶׁלּוֹ וְשֶׁל תִּינוֹקוֹת, שֶׁלִּפְעָמִים נוֹתְנִים בָּהֶן חָמֵץ, צְרִיכִין בְּדִיקָה. וִינַעֲרֵם הֵיטֵב לְמַחַר בִּשְׁעַת הַבִּעוּר.

קֹדֶם שֶׁמַּתְחִיל לִבְדֹּק, יְבָרֵךְ אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל בִּעוּר חָמֵץ. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעַתָּה עֲדַיִן אֵינוֹ מְבַעֲרוֹ, מִכָּל מָקוֹם מְבָרֵךְ עַל בִּעוּר, לְפִי שֶׁמִּיָּד לְאַחַר הַבְּדִיקָה יְבַטֵּל אֶת הֶחָמֵץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ לוֹ, וְהוּא הַבִּעוּר לְחָמֵץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ לוֹ. וְלֹא יַפְסִיק בֵּין הַבְּרָכָה לִתְחִלַּת הַבְּדִיקָה. וְטוֹב שֶׁלֹּא יַפְסִיק עַד גְּמָר כָּל הַבְּדִיקָה, אֶלָּא בְּמַה שֶּׁהוּא מֵעִנְיַן הַבְּדִיקָה. וְיָכוֹל לִבְדֹּוֹק כַּמָּה בָתִים בִּבְרָכָה אֶחָת.

There is no need to turn off the electric lights while searching with a candle, since with more light it’s easier to find Chametz.

After searching with a candle in those places where it’s safe and convenient to do so, one should continue with a flashlight, so that one can search safely and calmly without fear of burning down the house.

Source: Rabbi Shimon Eider zt”l, Halachos of Pessach, Vol. 1, page 86

One does not say מִזְמוֹר לְתוֹדָה nor לַמְנַצֵּחַ from Erev Pessach until Isru Chag.

- Danny Schoemann

Sunday, 13 Nissan 5784

Please daven for the full recovery of the soldier

מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא

לרפואה שלמה

Halocho #2392 - Selling Chametz to a non-Jew

Since most of us don't want to start selling Chametz on Erev Pessach, one can go to most local Rabbis and appoint them as a messenger to sell our Chametz.

The Rabbi will make a legal sale of the Chametz including a legal document and a deposit. Realize that this is a bona fide sale, and that the non-Jew is entitled to come to our homes and request we hand over our Chametz, as has occasionally happened.

After Pesach, the Rabbi goes to the non-Jew and asks to be paid the remainder of the debt and offers to buy back the Chametz from the non-Jew at a higher price. Since the non-Jew usually prefers to make a quick profit rather than paying for hundreds of items scattered throughout the city, he will sell the Chametz to the Rabbi.

One should only sell Chametz and not the containers it's in - especially not containers that require Tevila, like metal and glass, otherwise one would need to Toivel them in a Mikva after Pessach since they belonged to a non-Jew during Pesach.

Chametz that has been sold (via the Rabbi) must be locked away so that one doesn't accidentally use it, which would be a double problem: Chametz on Pessach and stealing from the non-Jew.

Even if one has no intention of keeping Chametz in one's home, one should still go to a Rabbi to appoint him to sell one's Chametz. Why?

A lot of products may be Chametz contrary to popular belief - depending on the latest production methods - like medications, creams, soaps or even food which one discovers later wasn't really Kosher for Pesach.

During Pessach one may discover Chametz that one wasn't aware of, or that one forgot to get rid of in the last-minute pre-Pessach rush.

If one sold all one's Chametz then one didn't own any during Pessach; a Torah prohibition.

Chametz that belonged to a Jew during Pessach may not be used after Pessach. This is a Rabbinical decree; a punishment for owning the Chametz.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 114

 מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ הַרְבֵּה חָמֵץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְבַעֲרוֹ מִן הָעוֹלָם, צָרִיךְ לְמָכְרוֹ לְאֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא עֲדַיִן מֻתָּר בַּהֲנָאָה. 

וְלֹא יְהֵא עִנְיַן מְכִירַת חָמֵץ אֵצֶל הָאָדָם כְּמוֹ מִצְוַת אֲנָשִׁים מְלֻמָּדָה, אֶלָּא צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּגְמוֹר בְּדַעְתּוֹ שֶׁהוּא מוֹכְרוֹ בֶּאֱמֶת לְהָאֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי מְכִירָה גְּמוּרָה וַחֲלוּטָה. וְלֹא יִמְכּוֹר בְּיֹקֶר מִן הַמְּחִיר הָרָאוּי. וּלְאַחַר הַפֶּסַח יְבַקֵּשׁ מֵאֵת הָאֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי שֶׁיְשַׁלֵּם לוֹ אֶת הַחוֹב. וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְשִׁיבֵהוּ שֶׁאֵין לוֹ כֶּסֶף, יְבַקֵּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ שֶׁיַּחֲזוֹר וְיִמְכּוֹר לוֹ אֶת הֶחָמֵץ עִם (הַחֶדֶר) בְּעַד כָּךְ וְכָךְ. 

וְלֹא יְהֵא הַדָּבָר כְּחוֹכָא בְּעָלְמָא, אֶלָּא כְּדֶרֶךְ הַסּוֹחֲרִים מַמָש.

צְרִיכִין לִזָּהֵר שֶׁלֹּא לֵהָנוֹת לְאַחַר הַפֶּסַח מֵחֲמֵצוֹ שֶׁל יִשְֹרָאֵל שֶׁהוּא חָשׁוּד שֶׁלֹּא מְכָרוֹ כַּדָּת.

- Danny Schoemann

Monday, 7 Nissan 5784

Please daven for the full recovery of the seriously wounded soldier

מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא

לרפואה שלמה

Halocho #2391 - Is burning Chametz wasteful?

The Torah forbids us to waste or destroy items that can still be used.

The Torah commands us to burn - or otherwise destroy - all Chametz in our possession on Erev Pessach morning.

Can we reconcile these 2 Halachot?

The Mitzva to destroy Chametz can be fulfilled with a bare minimum of Chametz; preferably with leftovers that nobody would be able to use. Usable Chametz can be donated to various charity organizations which will distribute it to the needy. 

That said, whatever Chametz is still in your possession mid-morning on Erev Pesach, needs to be burned.

Alternately, Chametz can be sold to a non-Jew. More about that tomorrow.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 114

יִשְֹרָאֵל שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ חָמֵץ שֶׁלּוֹ בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ בַּפֶּסַח, עוֹבֵר בְּכָל רֶגַע וְרֶגַע עַל בַּל יֵרָאֵה וּבַל יִמָּצֵא. וְהֶחָמֵץ אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה לְעוֹלָם, וַאֲפִלּוּ בִּטְּלוֹ קֹדֶם פֶּסַח. וְלָכֵן מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ הַרְבֵּה חָמֵץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְבַעֲרוֹ מִן הָעוֹלָם, צָרִיךְ לְמָכְרוֹ לְאֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא עֲדַיִן מֻתָּר בַּהֲנָאָה.

- Danny Schoemann

Sunday, 6 Nissan 5770

Please daven for the full recovery of the seriously wounded soldier

מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא

לרפואה שלמה

Halocho #2378 - The earliest Bedikat Chametz is...?

Any area where there's a reasonable chance that somebody brought in Chametz needs Bedikat Chametz.

Even if it's being used for long-term storage, it has to be checked the night before you fill it, with a candle, to ensure there is no Chametz inside, even if it's being filled immediately after Pessach.

If you forgot to check it, then it depends:

• If you plan on emptying it before Pesach, then you do not have to empty it now to check it.
• If you plan on emptying it during Pessach then you have to empty it, check it at night for Chametz with a candle and then you can restock it.

• If you only plan on emptying it after Pessach then it depends:
• If it's within 30 days before Pessach then you have to empty it, check it at night for Chametz with a candle and then you can restock it.
• If it's before Purim then you do not have to empty it now to check it.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:12

חֶדֶר שֶׁצָּרִיךְ בְּדִיקַת חָמֵץ, וְרוֹצֶה לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ אוֹצָר, פֵּרוּשׁ שֶׁרוֹצֶה לֶאֱצוֹר בְּתוֹכוֹ פֵּרוֹת אוֹ עֵצִים אוֹ שְׁאָר דְּבָרִים, שֶׁמֵּחֲמַת זֶה לֹא יוּכַל לְבָדְּקוֹ, כְּשֶׁיַּגִּיעַ לֵיל אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, צָרִיךְ לִבְדּוֹק תְּחִלָּה אֶת הֶחָמֵץ שָׁם בַּלַּיְלָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁבּוֹדְקִין אֶת הֶחָמֵץ לֵיל אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר. וַאֲפִלּוּ יֵשׁ עוֹד זְמַן רַב עַד הַפֶּסַח, וַאֲפִלּוּ מִיָּד לְאַחַר פֶּסַח שֶׁעָבַר. 

וּבְדִעֲבַד אִם לֹא בְּדָקוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ אוֹצָר, אִם דַּעְתּוֹ לְפַנּוֹתוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ זְמַן בְּדִיקַת חָמֵץ, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִטְרוֹחַ עַתָּה לְפַנּוֹתוֹ וּלְבָדְקוֹ. 

אֲבָל אִם דַּעְתּוֹ לְפַנּוֹתוֹ בְּתוֹךְ יְמֵי פֶּסַח, צָרִיךְ לְפַנּוֹתוֹ עַתָּה וּלְבָדְקוֹ, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ טֹרַח רַב וְחֶסְרוֹן כִּיס.

וְאִם עוֹשֶׂה אֶת הָאוֹצָר עַל דַּעַת שֶׁלֹּא לְפַנּוֹתוֹ עַד לְאַחַר הַפֶּסַח, אֲזַי יֵשׁ חִלּוּק בַּזְּמָן. 

אִם הוּא קֹדֶם שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבָדְקוֹ (אֶלָּא שֶׁאִם יֵשׁ שָׁם חָמֵץ יָדוּעַ, יְבַעֲרֶנּוּ תְּחִלָּה) וְיוֹעִיל לוֹ הַבִּטּוּל, שֶׁיְבַטֵּל כָּל חָמֵץ בִּזְמַנּוֹ. 

אֲבָל אִם הוּא תּוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, חַל עָלָיו חִיּוּב בְּדִיקָה, (כֵּיוָן שֶׁשּׁוֹאֲלִין וְדוֹרְשִׁין בְּהִלְכוֹת פֶּסַח קֹדֶם לַפֶּסַח שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם) וְצָרִיךְ לְבָדְקוֹ. וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּדִיעֲבַד אִם שָׁכַח וְלֹא בְדָקוֹ, צָרִיךְ לְפַנּוֹת אֶת הָאוֹצָר וּלְבָדְקוֹ בַלַּיְלָה תֵּכֶף לְאַחַר שֶׁנִּזְכָּר.

- Danny Schoemann

Tuesday, 16 Adar-2 5784

Please daven for the full recovery of the seriously wounded soldier

מֹשֶׁה אַהֲרֹן בֶּן לֵאָה בֵּיילָא

לרפואה שלמה

Halocho #787 - Should one use a candle for Bedikat Chametz?

On Sunday night one may not do any work, nor eat anything, until one has checked the house for Chametz.
Before one starts searching the house for Chametz the entire house needs to be cleaned, and the Chametz that one plans to use until mid-morning on Monday morning needs to be put in a secure place.

First one says the Bracha
"אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל בִּעוּר חָמֵץ""… to destroy Chametz", since the point of the search is to rid the house of Chametz.

After the search is complete one says “Kol Chamira” declaring that "all Chametz one isn’t aware of " to be “ownerless and worthless like dust”.

This declaration constitutes a Halachic “destroying Chametz”, which is why one shouldn’t interrupt between the Bracha, the searching and the Kol Chamira with anything not related to the search.

One may appoint other members of the household to help with the search, as long as they are over Bar/Bat Mitzva.

The search is done using a single candle which provides the optimal light for searching. A torch (like a Havdala candle) is not allowed – as it’s a fire hazard and it gives a flickering light – and if it was used one needs to redo the search.

Search under all furniture, inside all closets, pockets of all clothes worn in the past year, schoolbags, purses, cars and anywhere else where Chametz could have been placed accidentally or purposely by adults, children or toddlers.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:1-10

There is no need to turn off the electric lights while searching with a candle, since with more light it’s easier to find Chametz.

After searching with a candle in those places where it’s safe and convenient to do so, one should continue with a flashlight, so that one can search safely and calmly without fear of burning down the house.

Source: Rabbi Shimon Eider zt”l, Halachos of Pessach, Vol. 1, page 86

- Danny
Wednesday, 9 Nissan 5770

Halocho #785 - Selling Chametz to a non-Jew

Since most of us don't want to start selling Chametz on Erev Pessach, one can go to most local Rabbis and appoint them as a messenger to sell our Chametz.

The Rabbi will make a legal sale of the Chametz including a legal document and a deposit. Realize that this is a bona fide sale, and that the non-Jew is entitled to come to our homes and request we hand over our Chametz, as has occasionally happened.

After Pessach the Rabbi goes to the non-Jew and asks to be paid the remainder of the debt and offers to buy back the Chametz from the non-Jew at a higher price. Since the non-Jew usually prefers to make a quick profit rather than paying for hundreds of items scattered throughout the city, he will sell the Chametz to the Rabbi.

One should only sell Chametz and not the containers it's in - especially not containers that require Tevila, like metal and glass, otherwise one would need to Toivel them in a Mikva after Pessach, since they belonged to a non-Jew during Pessach.

Chametz that has been sold (via the Rabbi) must be locked away so that one doesn't accidentally use it, which would be a double problem: Chametz on Pessach and stealing from the non-Jew.
Even if one has no intention of keeping Chametz in one's home, one should still go to a Rabbi to appoint him to sell ones Chametz. Why?

A lot of products may be Chametz contrary to popular belief - depending on the latest production methods - like medications, creams, soaps or even food which one discovers later wasn't really Kosher for Pessach.

During Pessach one may discover Chametz that one wasn't aware of, or that one forgot to get rid of in the last-minute pre-Pessach rush.

If one sold all ones Chametz then one didn't own any during Pessach.

Chametz that belonged to a Jew during Pessach may not be used after Pessach. This is a Rabbinical decree; a punishment for owning the Chametz.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 114

- Danny
Monday, 7 Nissan 5770

Halocho #784 - Is burning Chametz wasteful?

The Torah forbids us to waste or destroy items that can still be used.

The Torah commands us to burn - or otherwise destroy - all Chametz in our possession on Erev Pessach morning.

Can we reconcile these 2 Halachot?

The Mitzva to destroy Chametz can be fulfilled with a bare minimum of Chametz; preferably with leftovers that nobody would be able to use. Usable Chametz can be donated to various charity organizations which will distribute it to the needy.

Alternately, Chametz can be sold to a non-Jew. More about that tomorrow.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 144

- Danny
Sunday, 6 Nissan 5770

Halocho #780 - Found Chametz on Pessach, now what?

Chametz is Muktzah on Pessach, since it may not be used for anything.

Chametz (that was not sold to a non-Jew) found in one's possession on Pessach needs to be burned.

If one finds Chametz on Yom Tov or Shabbat during Pessach, (to ensure that one doesn't eat it accidentally), one covers it with a bowl until after Havdalah - and then one burns it.

When burning Chametz on Pessach one says the Bracha of "Al Bi'ur Chametz" if the Chametz is the size of a Kezayit (size of an olive) or larger.

Chametz found on the closing Yom Tov of Pessach, must be burned after Pessach without a Bracha.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:17

Chodesh Tov; tonight is Rosh Chodesh Nissan - no Tachanun from Mincha today until after Rosh Chodesh Iyar

- Danny
Monday, 29 Adar-II 5771

Halocho #543 - Erev Pessach check-list

Tomorrow - Monday - is Erev Pessach; a busy day.

- Remember to light a 26-hour candle (or leave on a flame on the stove) so that you can light Shabbat candles on Tuesday evening, if you live outside Israel .

- For details of the Fast of the Firstborn see Halocho #540

- Prepare the Salt Water for the Seder.

- Roast the Egg and Bone.

- Open the boxes of Matza, so as not to tear writing on Yom Tov.

- Ensure the wine bottles can be opened on Yom Tov without tearing any writing; else open them beforehand.

- Ensure Challa has been separated from the Matza to be used on Yom Tov

- Make the Charoset.

One does not say מִזְמוֹר לְתוֹדָה nor לַמְנַצֵּחַ from Erev Pessach until Isru Chag.

One may not eat Chametz after 1/3 of the day - and then one needs to burn ones Chametz and say Kol Chamira declaring all Chametz one owns to be ownerless like dust.

Work that may not be done on Chol Hamo'ed may not be done on Erev Pessach after noon. See Halocho #525 and #528 for details.

One may not eat Matza on Erev Pessach.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 113: 1 - 5

Wishing everybody a meaningful and enjoyable Pessach

- Danny
Sunday, 13 Nissan 5770 - tonight is Bedikat Chametz night

The next Halocho-a-Day is scheduled for after Pessach, Wednesday, 23 Nissan

Halocho #541 - Should one use a candle for Bedikat Chametz?

On Sunday night one may not do any work, nor eat anything, until one has checked the house for Chametz.


Before one starts searching the house for Chametz the entire house needs to be cleaned, and the Chametz that one plans to use until mid-morning on Monday morning needs to be put in a secure place.

First one says the Bracha

"אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל בִּעוּר חָמֵץ"

"… to destroy Chametz", since the point of the search is to rid the house of Chametz.

After the search is complete one says “Kol Chamira” declaring that "all Chametz one isn’t aware of " to be “ownerless and worthless like dust”.

This declaration constitutes a Halachic “destroying Chametz”, which is why one shouldn’t interrupt between the Bracha, the searching and the Kol Chamira with anything not related to the search.

One may appoint other members of the household to help with the search, as long as they are over Bar/Bat Mitzva.

The search is done using a single candle which provides the optimal light for searching. A torch (like a Havdala candle) is not allowed – as it’s a fire hazard and it gives a flickering light – and if it was used one needs to redo the search.

Search under all furniture, inside all closets, pockets of all clothes worn in the past year, schoolbags, purses, cars and anywhere else where Chametz could have been placed accidentally or purposely by adults, children or toddlers.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:1-10

There is no need to turn off the electric lights while searching with a candle, since with more light it’s easier to find Chametz.

After searching with a candle in those places where it’s safe and convenient to do so, one should continue with a flashlight, so that one can search safely and calmly without fear of burning down the house.

Source: Rabbi Shimon Eider zt”l, Halachos of Pessach, Vol. 1, page 86

- Danny
Wednesday, 9 Nissan 5770

Halocho #539 - Selling Chametz to a non-Jew

Since most of us don't want to start selling Chametz on Erev Pessach, one can go to most local Rabbis and appoint them as a messenger to sell our Chametz.

The Rabbi will make a legal sale of the Chametz including a legal document and a deposit. Realize that this is a bona fide sale, and that the non-Jew is entitled to come to our homes and request we hand over our Chametz, as has occasionally happened.

After Pessach the Rabbi goes to the non-Jew and asks to be paid the remainder of the debt and offers to buy back the Chametz from the non-Jew at a higher price. Since the non-Jew usually prefers to make a quick profit rather than paying for hundreds of items scattered throughout the city, he will sell the Chametz to the Rabbi.

One should only sell Chametz and not the containers it's in - especially not containers that require Tevila, like metal and glass, otherwise one would need to Toivel them in a Mikva after Pessach, since they belonged to a non-Jew during Pessach.

Chametz that has been sold (via the Rabbi) must be locked away so that one doesn't accidentally use it, which would be a double problem: Chametz on Pessach and stealing from the non-Jew.

Even if one has no intention of keeping Chametz in ones home, one should still go to a Rabbi to appoint him to sell ones Chametz. Why?

A lot of products may be Chametz contrary to popular belief - depending on the latest production methods - like medications, creams, soaps or even food which one discovers later wasn't really Kosher for Pessach.

During Pessach one may discover Chametz that one wasn't aware of, or forgot to get rid of in the last-minute pre-Pessach rush.

If one sold all ones Chametz then one didn't own any during Pessach.

Chametz that belonged to a Jew during Pessach may not be used after Pessach. This is a Rabbinical decree; a punishment for owning the Chametz.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 114

- Danny
Monday, 7 Nissan 5770

Please daven for a Refua Shelema for 3 years old Tania Mazal Tov bat Naomi

Halocho #538 - Is burning Chametz wasteful?

The Torah forbids us to waste or destroy items that can still be used.

The Torah commands us to burn - or otherwise destroy - all Chametz in our possession on Erev Pessach morning.

Can we reconcile these 2 Halachot?

The Mitzva to destroy Chametz can be fulfilled with a bare minimum of Chametz; preferably with leftovers that nobody would be able to use. Usable Chametz can be donated to various charity organizations which will distribute it to the needy.

Alternately Chametz can be sold to a non-Jew. More about that tomorrow.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 144

- Danny
Sunday, 6 Nissan 5770

Halocho #534 - Finding Chametz on Pessach

Chametz is Muktzah on Pessach, since it may not be used for anything.

Chametz (that was not sold to a non-Jew) found in ones possession on Pessach needs to be burned.

If one finds Chametz on Yom Tov or Shabbat during Pessach, (to ensure that one doesn't eat it accidentally), one covers it with a bowl until after Havdalah - and then one burns it.

When burning Chametz on Pessach one says the Bracha of "Al Bi'ur Chametz" if the Chametz is the size of a Kezayit (size of an olive) or larger.

Chametz found on the closing Yom Tov of Pessach, must be burned after Pessach without a Bracha.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:17

Chodesh Tov; tonight is Rosh Chodesh Nissan

- Danny
Monday, 29 Adar 5770

Halocho #306 - A day full of Mitzvot

Tomorrow - Wednesday - is Erev Pessach; a busy day.

- Remember to do Birkat Hachama soon after sunrise - see Halocho #290

- Don't forget to do Eruv Tavshilin before candle-lighting, if you live outside Israel - see Halocho #304

- Remember to light a 48-hour candle (or leave on a flame on the stove) so that you can light Shabbat candles on Friday afternoon, if you live outside Israel .

- For details of the Fast of the Firstborn see Halocho #301

One does not say מִזְמוֹר לְתוֹדָה nor לַמְנַצֵּחַ from Erev Pessach until Isru Chag.

One may not eat Chametz after 1/3 of the day - and then one needs to burn ones Chametz and say Kol Chamira declaring all Chametz one owns to be ownerless like dust.

Work that may not be done on Chol Hamo'ed may not be done on Erev Pessach after noon.

One may not eat Matza on Erev Pessach.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 113: 1 - 5

Wishing everybody a meaningful and enjoyable Pessach

- Danny Tuesday, 13 Nissan 5769

The next Halocho-a-Day is scheduled for after Pessach, Sunday, 25 Nissan

Halocho #305 – Should one use a candle for Bedikat Chametz?

On Tuesday night one may not do any work, nor eat anything, until one has checked the house for Chametz.

Before one starts searching the house for Chametz the entire house needs to be cleaned, and the Chametz that one plans to use until mid-morning on Wednesday morning needs to be put in a secure place.

First one says the Bracha "אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל בִּעוּר חָמֵץ" – "… to destroy Chametz", since the point of the search is to rid the house of Chametz.

After the search is complete one says “Kol Chamira” declaring that "all Chametz one isn’t aware of " to be “ownerless and worthless like dust”.

This declaration constitutes a Halachic “destroying Chametz”, which is why one shouldn’t interrupt between the Bracha, the searching and the Kol Chamira with anything not related to the search.

One may appoint other members of the household to help with the search, as long as they are over Bar/Bat Mitzva.

The search is done using a single candle which provides the optimal light for searching. A torch (like a Havdala candle) is not allowed – as it’s a fire hazard and it gives a flickering light – and if it was used one needs to redo the search.

Search under all furniture, inside all closets, pockets of all clothes worn in the past year, schoolbags, purses, cars and anywhere else where Chametz could have been placed accidentally or purposely by adults, children or toddlers.

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:1-10

There is no need to turn off the electric lights while searching with a candle, since with more light it’s easier to find Chametz.

After searching with a candle in those places where it’s safe and convenient to do so, one should continue with a flashlight, so that one can search safely and calmly without fear of burning down the house.

Source: Rabbi Shimon Eider zt”l, Halachos of Pessach, Vol. 1, page 86

- Danny Monday, 12 Nissan 5769

Please daven for a complete recovery for Liora Tamar bat Libah - ליאורה תמר בת ליבה

Halocho #292 - Is January the first month?

This Shabbat for Maftir we will read Parshas Hachodesh (Exodus Ch. 12, Verses 1-20).

Parshas Hachodesh reminds us of the following upcoming Mitzvot:

- The month of Nissan (which begins the following Thursday) is the first month on the Jewish calendar, as the opening words of Parshat Hachodesh proclaim: "This month is for you the first month".

- The laws of Korban Pessach; sacrificed on Erev Pessach in the afternoon, it had to be roasted whole and then eaten on the first night of Pessach with Matza and Marror (bitter herbs).

- Leftovers had to be burnt on the first day of Chol Hamo'ed.

- Matza needs to be made carefully to ensure it doesn't become Chametz (leaven).

- The first and last days of Pessach are Yom Tov.

- One may not own Chametz, nor eat it, during Pessach .

Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 140:2

- Danny Wednesday, 22 Adar 5769

Please daven for a complete recovery for Tamar bat Naama - תמר בת נעמה

Halocho #289 - Start learning about Pessach

The laws of Pessach in Shulchan Aruch begin with: "One should start learning the laws of Pessach thirty days before Pessach.” If you fill up a storage room that you don't plan on entering again until after Pessach, you don't have to first check it for Chametz. However, if it's within 30 days to Pessach, then you do have to check it at night with a candle. If you forgot to check it, you have to empty it, and check it that night for Chametz with a candle.

Source: Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 429:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:13 - Danny Sunday, 19 Adar 5769

Please daven for a complete recovery for Tamar bat Malka Chana - תמר בת מלכה חנה

Halocho #98 – Should one use a candle for Bedikas Chometz?

Tonight- Thursday night - one may not do any work, nor eat anything, until one has checked the house for Chometz. (Firstborns who fasted may break their fast if needed, but may not eat a meal.) The entire house needs to be cleaned, and the Chometz that one plans to use until mid-morning on Shabbos needs to be put in a secure place, before one starts searching the house for Chometz. First one says the Brocho “… Al Bi’ur Chometz” – “… to destroy Chometz”, since the point of the search is to rid the house of Chometz. After the search is complete one says “Kol Chamiro” declaring that all Chometz one isn’t aware of to be “ownerless and worthless like dust”. This declaration constitutes a Halachic “destroying Chometz”, which is why one shouldn’t interrupt between the Brocho, the searching and the Kol Chamiro with anything not related to the search. One may appoint other members of the household to help with the search, as long as they are over Bar/Bat Mitzva. The search is done using a single candle which provides the optimal light for searching. A torch (like a Havdolo candle) is not allowed – as it’s a fire hazard and it gives a flickering light – and if it was used one needs to redo the search. Search under all furniture, inside all closets, pockets of all clothes worn in the past year, schoolbags, purses, cars and anywhere else where Chometz could have been placed accidentally or purposely by adults, children or toddlers. Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:1-10 There is no need to turn off the electric lights while searching with a candle, since with more light it’s easier to find Chometz. After searching with a candle in those places where it’s safe and convenient to do so, one should continue with a flashlight, so that one can safely and calmly search without fear of burning down the house. Source: Rabbi Shimon Eider zt”l, Halachos of Pessach, Vol. 1, page 86 Wishing everybody a meaningful and enjoyable Pessach - Danny 12 Nissan 5768 P.S. The next Halocho a Day will be sent out soon after Pessach

Halocho #97 - Why do the firstborns fast?

Why don't firstborns celebrate the fact that they were saved from the 10th plague - the smiting of Egyptian firstborns? Tomorrow - Thursday - firstborns will fast in memory of them fasting in Egypt on Erev Pessach, to ensure they wouldn't be punished along with the Egyptians in the 10th plague. The Hallel said at the Seder includes praise for their delivery. The fast is usually on Erev Pessach; since we don't fast on Shabbat, and fasting on Friday is also not a pleasant way to greet Shabbat, so the fast was advanced to Thursday. All firstborns males fast; even if they're only a firstborn to one of their parents. Even firstborns who are exempt from Pidyon haBen - like Cohanim, Levites or being born after a stillborn - also have to fast. The father of a young firstborn needs to fast for him. Whether a firstborn (or his father) may attend a Se'udat Mitzva like a Siyum, Bris or Pidyon haBen and break his fast to participate in the meal, depends on local / family custom. Once he breaks his fast he can eat for the rest of the day. A firstborn may break his fast after nightfall, before doing Bedikas Chometz, if needed. Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 113:6, 115:2 - Danny 11 Nissasn 5768

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Halocho #96 - Is burning Chometz wasteful?

Today, 10 Nissan, in the year 2449, the Jews in Egypt selected lambs for their Pessach sacrifice. Forty years later, on 10 Nissan, the prophetess Miriam - sister of Aaron and Moshe - died. A year later on 10 Nissan, the Jews crossed the Jordan river, as recorded in Joshua 3-4.

• The Torah forbids us to waste or destroy items that can still be used.
• The Torah commands us to burn - or otherwise destroy - all Chometz in our possession on Erev Pessach morning.

Can we reconcile these 2 Halochos? The Mitzva to destroy Chometz can be fulfilled with a bare minimum of Chometz; preferably with leftovers that nobody would be able to use. Usable Chometz can be donated to various charity organizations which will distribute it to the needy. Alternately Chometz can be sold to a non-Jew. Since most of us don't want to start selling Chometz on Erev Pessach, one can go to most local Rabbis and appoint them as a messenger to sell ones Chometz. The Rabbi will make a legal sale of the Chometz including a legal document and a deposit. Realize that this a a bona fide sale, and that the non-Jew is entitled to come to your house and request you hand over his Chometz, as has occasionally happened. After Pessach the Rabbi goes to the non-Jew and asks to be paid the remainder of the debt and offers to buy back the Chometz from the non-Jew at a higher price. Since the non-Jew usually prefers to make a quick profit rather than paying for hundreds of items scattered throughout the city, he will sell the Chometz to the Rabbi. One should only sell Chometz and not the containers it's in - especially not containers that require Tevila, like metal and glass, otherwise one would need to Toivel them in a Mikva after Pessach, since they belonged to a non-Jew during Pessach. Chometz that has been sold (via the Rabbi) must be locked away so that one doesn't accidentally use it, which would be a double problem: Chometz on Pessach and stealing from the non-Jew. Even if one has no intention of keeping Chometz in ones home, one should still go to a Rabbi to appoint him to sell ones Chometz. Why?

• A lot of products may be Chometz contrary to popular belief- depending on the latest production methods - like medications, creams, soaps or even food which one discovers later wasn't really Kosher for Pessach.
• During Pessach one may discover Chometz that one wasn't aware of, or forgot to get rid of in the last-minute pre-Pessach rush.

If one sold all ones Chometz then one didn't own any during Pessach. Chometz that belonged to a Jew during Pessach may not be used after Pessach. This is a Rabbinical decree; a punishment for owning the Chometz. Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 114 - Danny 10 Nissan 5768