Purim starts tonight - Wednesday night. The Megilat Esther is read twice; once tonight and once tomorrow morning.
In Jerusalem - and other cities that were walled-in at the time יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן conquered the Holy Land - we celebrate Shushan-Purim a day later and we read the Megilla on Thursday night & Friday morning.
One should wear Shabbat-clothes in honor of the Megila reading.
The custom is to give 3 coins to charity before the Megila reading. Each coin should be half the local currency - half a dollar, half a shekel, etc.
The Purim meal should begin with a Dvar-Torah. Since Purim is 30 days before Pesach, the following is an appropriate Purim-meal Dvar-Torah:
“The laws of Pesach in Shulchan Aruch begin with: One should start learning the laws of Pesach thirty days before Pesach.”
On both Purim and Shushan-Purim Tachanun, Kel-Erach-Apaim and Lamenatze'ach are not said and fasting is not allowed.
Don't forget to add עַל הַנִּסִּים during Amida and Birkat Hamazon.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:4, 5, 9, 23
- Danny, Jerusalem
Wednesday, Ta'anith Esther, 13 Adar 5778
Wednesday, February 28, 2018
Halocho #2015 - Megila reading tonight or tomorrow night?
Tuesday, February 27, 2018
Halocho #2014 – When did Esther fast?
About 2440 years ago, two days before Pesach, Haman decreed that all the Jews would be destroyed on 13th Adar, eleven months later.
After consulting with her cousin Mordechai, Queen Esther declared a 3 days fast that lasted through the first days of Pesach, after which she went – uninvited – to the king and invited him and Haman to a wine feast.
At the wine feast, she invited them to a second wine feast where which she gained royal permission for the Jews to defend themselves.
Jews always fast and pray when going out to war, and so they did on Adar 13, 3406 (354 BCE). On Adar 14 they celebrated their victory. In commemoration, we fast on Adar 13 (tomorrow - Wednesday) and celebrate Purim on the morrow.
Ta’anis Esther is the only of the 6 fast days not mentioned in Tanach.
The fast ends when the stars become visible (a few minutes before Motzai Shabbat time), and if needed, one may eat and drink before Megila reading. However, one should not eat a meal until after hearing the Megilla.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:2,8, Esther 2:7, 3:12-9:30
- Danny
Tuesday, 10 Adar 5778
Monday, February 26, 2018
Halocho #2013 - Why do we give 3 half Shekels/Dollars/Rand/Pounds?
As a reminder of the yearly מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל that was given during the month of Adar to pay for the daily sacrifices in the בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, it is customary to give "half of the local currency" to charity.
The custom is to give 3 halves; in Israel 3 half Shekels, in the US 3 half dollars (for a total of $1.50).
The reason for the triple halves is that in פָרָשַׁת כִּי תִשָּׂא that discusses the מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל it says thrice תְּרוּמָה.
These three halves are given before Megilla reading - and are then distributed to the poor.
Children under Bar/Bat Mitzvah are exempt; some opinions exempt them until they turn 20. However, once a father has given 3-halves for a child - even once - then he has to continue doing so yearly.
(The above is not to be confused with the Mitzvah of מַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים that must be done on Purim.)
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:5
- Danny Schoemann
Monday, 11 Adar 5778
Sunday, February 25, 2018
Halocho #2012 - What is Purim all about?
Purim celebrates the redemption from Haman's evil plot to annihilate the Jews.
He was not interested in converting them nor in capturing their land - he simply wanted to kill them. All of them; all of us.
Purim celebrates being alive, so the Mitzvos of the day are more physical than spiritual. This is the gist of the עַל הַנִּסִּים.
The עַל הַנִּסִּים is added to בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן before וְעַל הַכּל and to the Amida during מוֹדִים. If עַל הַנִּסִּים is forgotten there is no need to make amends, though it can be said later (and some Siddurim have relevant instructions.)
After hearing the Megilla and sending מִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת and מַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים the final Mitzvah of the day is the Purim meal.
Since the highlights of the Purim saga involved wine, there's a Mitzvah to drink more than one usually does, so that one falls asleep as a result.
However, people who can't control themselves when inebriated, or who risk missing any Mitzvah in the process, are forbidden to drink.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:2, 6, 142:6
- Danny
Sunday, 10 Adar 5778
Thursday, February 22, 2018
Halocho #2011 - Remember: Come to shul this week!
There is an opinion that it's a Torah obligation to hear פָּרָשַׁת זָכוֹר being read in shul this week, and if you don't have a Minyan near home you need to go to a town with a Minyan for this Shabbat.
If a Minyan cannot be found, פָּרָשַׁת זָכוֹר should be read even without a Minyan. The verses are:
Here is the English translation of the verses read for Parshas Zachor, from Devarim 25:17-19 (the last 3 verses in Parshas כִּי תֵצֵא):
Remember what Amalek did to you on the way, when you were leaving Egypt.
How he met you on the way, and smote the feeble lagging behind, when you were faint and weary; and he feared not Gcd.
Therefore it shall be, when Hashem your Gcd has given you rest from all your enemies all around, in the land which Hashem your Gcd is giving you as an inheritance to possess, you shall blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven; do not forget!
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 140:3
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 7 Adar 5778
Wednesday, February 21, 2018
Halocho #2010 - Yahrzeit of our teacher Moses; Moshe Rabbeinu
Tomorrow, 7 Adar, is the Yahrzeit of our teacher Moses - מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ and is a Ta'anis Tzadikim.
Many Jewish Burial Societies [Chevra Kadisha] have their annual meeting tomorrow, including fasting and special prayers.
Halachot related to Moshe Rabbeinu:
When babies start talking one should teach them the verse "תּוֹרָה צִוָּה-לָנוּ, מֹשֶׁה. מוֹרָשָׁה, קְהִלַּת יַעֲקֹב" and שְׁמַע יִשְֹרָאֵל...", after ensuring that they are clean while being taught.
Moshe Rabbeinu went up to Har-Sinai to get the 2nd set of לוּחוֹת on a Thursday and came down on a Monday, which is why these 2 days are auspicious for praying. We, therefore, add the long "וְהוּא רַחוּם" prayer before תַּחֲנוּן on these 2 days.
There's a limit as to how long one may mourn a deceased - but even for a great Torah scholar one may not mourn longer than 30 days, as nobody can be greater than our teacher Moshe for whom it is stated "and they mourned Moshe for 30 days".
Sources: Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 580:2, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 165:10, 22:9, 215:1
- Danny
Wednesday, 6 Adar 5778
Tuesday, February 20, 2018
Halocho #2009 - Destroy and remember
This Shabbat - the one before Purim - is פָּרָשַׁת זָכוֹר.
A second Sefer Torah is taken out and for Maftir we read about the obligation to annihilate the nation of Amalek and remember their wickedness.
For the Haftara we read the story of King Saul's attempt to fulfill the Mitzvah of annihilating Amalek. (Shmuel-1 Ch. 15)
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 140:2
- Danny Tuesday, 5 Adar 5778
Monday, February 19, 2018
Halocho #2008 - The shortest Torah Reading
At each Aliya during Torah Reading, at least 3 verses have to be read.
Even when only 3 people are called up (like on Mondays, Thursdays, and Shabbat afternoon) a total of 10 verses need to be read. The last Aliya should preferably read 4 verses.
The only exception:
On Purim, because the Torah Reading only has 9 verses in the relevant section, 3 verses are read in each Aliya for a total of 9 verses.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 23:19
- Danny
Monday, 4 Adar 5778
Sunday, February 18, 2018
Halocho #2007 - If you forget to say Al Hanisim on Purim
On Purim one adds עַל הַנִּסִּים to the Birkat Hamazon during the 2nd Bracha.
If you forgot to add עַל הַנִּסִּים and you've already said 'בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה then you don't have to make amends.
However, if possible you should say the following during the הָרַחֲמָן section after the 4th Bracha:
and then continue with the rest of the עַל הַנִּסִּים.
During every Amida of Purim, one adds עַל הַנִּסִּים during Modim.
If you forgot to add עַל הַנִּסִּים and you've already said 'בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה then you don't have to make amends.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 44:16, 139: 21
- Danny Schoemann
Sunday, 3 Adar 5778
Thursday, February 15, 2018
Halocho #2006 - Be happy! Adar is here
Today - Thursday - and tomorrow are Rosh Chodesh Adar.
One increases joy when Adar begins because Adar and (next month) Nissan historically have been full of miracles, including the redemption from Egypt and (nearly a millennium later) the miracle of Purim.
Adar is considered an auspicious month for the Jews.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:1
Chodesh Tov
- Danny
Thursday, 1st day Rosh Chodesh Adar 5778
Wednesday, February 14, 2018
Halocho #2005 - Rosh Chodesh Adar
Today is the eve of Rosh Chodesh Adar.
Tachanun is not said at Mincha on Erev Rosh Chodesh.
Some people have the custom of adding the Yom Kippur Katan prayers during Mincha. Some even fast on Erev Rosh Chodesh to atone for the sins of the past month.
Don't forget to add יַעֲלֶה וְיָבֹא during Ma'ariv and Birkat Hamazon tonight, tomorrow and Friday.
Shacharit on Rosh Chodesh includes Hallel and the Kriat HaTorah for Rosh Chodesh, where 4 people are given an Aliya.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 97:1
Chodesh Tov!
- Danny
Wednesday, 29 Shvat 5778
Tuesday, February 13, 2018
Halocho #2004 - Charity before praying
It's good to give צְדָקָה - charity - before praying. This is hinted to in the verse (Psalms 17:5) "I will behold Your countenance with Tzedek"- אֲנִי בְּצֶדֶק אֶחֱזֶה פָנֶיךָ
Before prayer, one should consciously decide to love all fellow-Jews - וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ - so that our unity will make our prayers more acceptable.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 12:2
- Danny
Wednesday, 28 Shevat 5778
P.S. Tomorrow is Erev Rosh Chodesh Adar; a Yom Kippur Kattan as we learned a month ago.
Monday, February 12, 2018
Halocho #2003 - When the younger becomes Bar Mitzvah first
13 years ago - 5765 - was a leap year on the Jewish calendar; the month of Adar was doubled. This year is not a leap year.
Boys born 13 years ago in both Adar-I and Adar-II become Bar Mitzvah on the same date this year in Adar.
For example, a boy born 13 years ago on the 28th Adar-I will become Bar Mitzvah in 4 weeks time, four weeks after his friend who was born 3 days later than him - on 1 Adar-II - who becomes Bar Mitzvah on Friday.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 15:2
- Danny
Wednesday, 27 Shevat 5778
Sunday, February 11, 2018
Halocho #2002 - Purim gifts for your friends
One of the Mitzvot of Purim is מִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת; sending at least two food items to one fellow Jew.
These 2 food items need to be ready to eat. For example fruit, wine, cake or cooked meat.
It’s commendable to send מִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת to a lot of people, but it’s even better to spend more on מַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים to the poor and needy.
Both men and women need to send מִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת. Men should send to men, women should send to women.
A mourner (in the 12 months for parents or 30 days for siblings, spouse or child) also needs to send מִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת. One does not send מִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת to a mourner unless there are no other Jews around.
One may give מַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים to a needy mourner.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 142:1, 2, 4, 7
- Danny
Sunday, 26 Shvat 5778
Thursday, February 8, 2018
Halocho #2001 - Shabbat Shekalim
This week is Shabbat Shekalim and 2 Torah Scrolls are taken out.
After the regular weekly Torah Reading of Parshat מִּשְׁפָּטִים, we read the beginning of Parshat כִּי תִשָּׂא in the second Sefer Torah.
Also the Haftara is the one for Shabbat Shekalim; not for Parshat מִּשְׁפָּטִים.
This is in memory of the מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל - half-Shekel - that everybody donated yearly to finance the daily sacrifices in the Bet Hamikdash, may we merit to see it rebuilt, speedily in our days.
This Shabbat is also Shabbat Mevarchim of the upcoming month of Adar. Rosh Chodesh Adar will be in a week's time on Thursday and Friday.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 140:1
- Danny
Thursday, 23 Shvat 5778
Wednesday, February 7, 2018
Halocho #2000 - Purim gifts for the poor
One of the 613 Mitzvot in the Torah is to obey the Torah Sages. The Sages instituted Purim and its Mitzvot.
One of the Mitzvot of Purim is מַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים - to send gifts to at least two needy people. This gift is usually money.
Even somebody who lives off charity needs to fulfill this Mitzvah.
One needn't hand the gifts directly to the needy; one can send them via messenger (or charity organization).
Purim is the only day of the year one does not check credentials; anybody who asks for charity on Purim is given something.
Both men and women have an obligation to give מַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים. Men may send מַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים to women and vice versa.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 142:3-4
- Danny
Wednesday, 22 Shvat 5778
Tuesday, February 6, 2018
Halocho #1999 - How do we publicize the miracle of Purim?
One of the Mitzvot of Purim is hearing Megilat Esther being read at night and again in the morning. One needs to hear every single word to fulfill this Mitzvah.
The Megila should be heard in a Shul if possible; the bigger the crowd the bigger the publicity for the miracle.
Everybody needs to hear the Megila including men, women and those children old enough to attend without disturbing.
The reading needs to be done from a Kosher Megila; one that is handwritten by a Sofer on parchment.
The entire Megila - some 20 columns in a standard edition - is unrolled and folded like a letter before it is read.
Three Brachot are recited before the Megila reading (both in the evening and the morning) - עַל מִקְרָא מְגִלָּהוּ then שֶעָשָׂה נִּסִּים and finally שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ.
After the Megila is read and rolled up, the long Bracha of הָרָב אֶת רִבֵנוּ is recited.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:7, 9, 10, 11
- Danny
Tuesday, 21 Shvat 5778
Monday, February 5, 2018
Halocho #1998 – Cohen gets preferential treatment almost always
A Talmid Chacham (Torah scholar) has preference over a Cohen.
Everybody else needs to give preference to the Cohen; he gets called first to the Torah, gets to speak first at functions, gets served first at meals and leads the Zimun.
In a business partnership, a Cohen does not get preferential treatment.
One may not use a Cohen to run one's errands nor do other mundane tasks unless the Cohen has agreed to relinquish his Cohen status for this purpose.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 144:8-9
To clarify: A Cohen always gets called to the Torah first, so as to prevent the unpleasantness of people arguing as to whether a specific person is a Talmid Chacham worthy of displacing the Cohen or not.
- Danny Schoemann
Monday 20 Shevat 5778
Sunday, February 4, 2018
Halocho #1997 – Honoring other family members; grandparents, in-laws & siblings
Everybody has to honor the following people:
- One's father's wife and one's mother's husband.
- One's father-in-law and one's mother-in-law.
- One's grandparents, though one's parents' honor has priority.
- One's older brother; even if he's a half-brother.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 143:19-20
- Danny
Sunday, 19 Shvat 5778
Thursday, February 1, 2018
Halocho #1996 – Bathing for Shabbat
It's a Mitzvah to bathe on Friday with warm water, or at least to wash one's face, hands and feet.
It's also a Mitzvah to shampoo one's hair, cut one's nails and have a haircut if needed.
One should not cut fingernails and toenails on the same day. One doesn't cut [finger] nails on Thursday as then they begin growing (and looking unkempt) on Shabbat.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 72:12, 14
Shabbat Shalom,
- Danny
Thursday, 16 Shvat 5778