As a reminder of the yearly מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל that was given during the month of Adar to pay for the daily sacrifices in the Bet haMikdash, it is customary to give "half of the local currency" to charity.
The custom is to give 3 halves; in Israel 3 half Shekels, in the US 3 half dollars (for a total of $1.50).
The reason for the triple halves is that in פָרָשַׁת כִּי תִשָּׂא that discusses the מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל it says thrice תְּרוּמָה.
These 3 halves are given before Megilla reading - and are then distributed to the poor.
Children under Bar/Bat Mitzva are exempt; some opinions exempt them until they turn 20. However, once a father has given 3-halves for a child - even once - then he has to continue doing so yearly.
The above is not to be confused with the Mitzva of מַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים that must be done on Purim; giving donations to at least 2 poor people .
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:5
- Danny Schoemann
Monday, 11 Adar-II 5776
Monday, March 21, 2016
Halocho #1671 - Why do we give 3 half Shekels / Dollars / Rand / Pounds before Purim?
נוֹהֲגִין לִתֵּן קֹדֶם פּוּרִים מַחֲצִית מִן הַמַּטְבֵּעַ הַקָבוּעַ בְאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם וּבְאוֹתוֹ זְמָן, זֵכֶר לְמַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל שֶׁהָיוּ נוֹתְנִים בַּאֲדָר לְצֹרֶךְ קָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר. וּמִנְהָג לִתֵּן שָׁלֹשׁ מַחֲצִיּוֹת, מִשּׁוּם דִּבְפָרָשַׁת כִּי תִשָּׂא כְתִיב שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים תְּרוּמָה. וְנוֹתְנִין בָּעֶרֶב לִפְנֵי קְרִיאַת הַמְּגִלָּה, וּמְחַלְּקִין אוֹתָם לַעֲנִיִים. קָטָן, פָּטוּר. וְאִם אָבִיו נָתַן בִּשְׁבִלוֹ פַּעַם אַחַת, חַיָב לְעוֹלָם. בֶּן שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה, יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּחַיָב, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּפָּטוּר, עַד שֶׁיְהֵא בֶּן עֶשְׂרִים
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