This Shabbat, a second Sefer Torah is taken out for Maftir and the laws of פָּרָה אֲדֻמָּה – the Red Heifer – are read. (The beginning of Parshat חֻקַּת, Numbers 19:1-22)
There are opinions that there is a Torah obligation to hear פָּרָשַׁת פָּרָה being read, and people who don't have access to a Minyan should find one this week.
A Kosher פָּרָה אֲדֻמָּה is a (female) cow past its second birthday that is completely ginger-brown. Even two white or black hairs near each other would invalidate it.
The non-brown parts of its horns and hooves need to be filed down. Its eyes, teeth and tongue do not need to be brown.
Using the cow for any work – even to carry something – would invalidate it. Birds and insects that land on its back do not invalidate it.
The cow is slaughtered and burnt and the ashes mixed with spring water and sprinkled on people who come in contact with a corpse, on the third and seventh day of their purification process. This was a prerequisite for access to the Bet Hamikdash (Temple).
Since there's a Mitzva to go into the Bet Hamikdash on Pessach, we read this Parsha in anticipating of being able to implement it this year, or at least בִּמְהֵרָה בּיָמֵינוּ – soon in our lifetime.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 140:2-3, Mishna Masechet Para, Ch. 1, Rambam Hil. Para Ch. 1
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 21 Adar-II 5776
וְהַשַׁבָּת שֶׁלִּפְנֵי פָּרָשַׁת הַחֹדֶשׁ, הִיא שַׁבָּת פָּרָשַׁת פָּרָה.
יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, כִּי פָּרָשַׁת זָכוֹר וּפָרָשַׁת פָּרָה, חַיָבִים לִקְרוֹתָן מִדְּאוֹרַיְתָא, וְאֵין קוֹרִין בָּהֶם קָטֹן לַמַּפְטִיר. וּבְנֵי הַיִשׁוּבִים שֶאֵין לָהֶם מִנְיָן, צְרִיכִין שֶׁיָבוֹאוּ לְמָקוֹם שֶׁיֵשׁ בּוֹ מִנְיָן. וְאִם אִי אֶפְשָׁר לָהֶם, לְכָל הַפָּחוֹת יִקְרְאוּ אוֹתָן בִּנְגִינוֹת כָּרָאוּי.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
Halocho #1678 - What color is a Red Heifer?
Wednesday, March 30, 2016
Halocho #1677 - Eating before Mussaf
If one makes Kiddush after Shacharis, before praying Mussaf, then one should eat no more than a Kezayit (size of an egg - 28cc) of bread or cake.
One can eat unlimited amounts of fruit. If one wants to eat only fruit, then one has to drink a mouthful of Kiddush wine and another Revi'is (86cc) of wine.
A Cohen who is going to do Birkat Cohanim (bless the congregation) in Mussaf, must hear Kiddush from another person as he is not allowed to drink alcoholic beverages before Birkat Cohanim .
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:15, 100:3
- Danny
Wednesday, 20 Adar-II 5776
Tuesday, March 29, 2016
Halocho #1676 - Writing on Chol Hamo'ed
The intermediary days of Pessach and Sukkot are known as חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד. Some types of work are permitted, others are forbidden on חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד.
- Writing is only allowed in cases of need.
- Writing down information so that it won't be forgotten is allowed.
- Writing letters to friends and family is allowed.
The custom is to write the first line at an angle as a reminder that writing is only partially permitted.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 104.
- Danny
Tuesday, 19 Adar-II 5776
Monday, March 28, 2016
Halocho #1675 - Working on Chol Hamo'ed
The intermediary days of Pessach and Sukkot are known as חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד during which some types of work are permitted, others are forbidden.
Chazal (our Rabbis of blessed memory) have some harsh words for those who don't honour חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד properly.
Honouring חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד includes eating meals and wearing clothes that are closer to Yom Tov standards than regular weekday standards.
On חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד one may do all work needed to prevent a monetary loss. Preparing food for חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד or for the last days of Yom Tov is allowed.
Gardening is forbidden besides for picking fruit for חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד or Yom Tov, and to prevent plants dying, e.g. if they need to be irrigated. Planting is forbidden.
Cutting hair is forbidden on חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד. Cutting nails is only allowed if one also cut them before Yom Tov.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 104
- Danny
Monday, 18 Adar-II 5776
חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד אָסוּר בִּקְצָת מְלָאכוֹת וּמֻתָּר בִּקְצָתָן, דְּהַיְנוּ כָּל מַה שֶּׁהוּא לְצֹרֶךְ אֲכִילָה לְחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד אוֹ לְיוֹם טוֹב. וְכֵן מְלָאכָה בְּדָבָר הָאָבֵד, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁאִם לֹא יַעֲשֶׂנָּה יָבֹא לִידֵי הֶפְסֵד, מֻתָּר לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ. וּצְרִיכִין לִזָּהֵר מְאֹד, שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד מְלָאכָה הָאֲסוּרָה, כִּי אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה, הַמְחַלֵּל אֶת חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד, כְּאִלּוּ עוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה
עוֹד אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה, הַמְבַזֶּה אֶת חֹל הַמּוֹעֵד, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ תּוֹרָה וּמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים, אֵין לוֹ חֵלֶק לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. וְהַמְבַזֶּה, הַיְנוּ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְכַבְּדוֹ בְּמַאֲכָל וּבְמִשְׁתֶּה וּבִכְסוּת. וְלָכֵן כָּל אָדָם חַיָּב לְכַבְּדוֹ כְּפִי כֹּחוֹ, וְלִלְבוֹשׁ בְּגָדִים מְכֻבָּדִים
אָסוּר לְגַלֵּחַ בְּחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד, אֲפִלּוּ גִּלַּח אֶת עַצְמוֹ גַּם בְּעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב, אֶלָּא מִי שֶׁיָּצָא מִבֵּית הָאֲסוּרִים. וַאֲפִלּוּ יָצָא בְּעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה לוֹ פְּנַאי לְגַלֵּחַ אָז
וְלִקְצוֹץ הַצִּפָּרְנַיִם, גַּם כֵּן אָסוּר. אַךְ אִם קְצָצָן בְּעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב, מֻתָּר לְקַצְּצָן גַּם בְּחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד וְכֵן אִשָּׁה לְצֹרֶךְ טְבִילָה מֻתֶּרֶת
Sunday, March 27, 2016
Halocho #1674 - Start learning about Pessach
The laws of Pessach in Shulchan Aruch begin with: "One should start learning the laws of Pessach thirty days before Pessach.”
During the year, if you fill up a storage room that you don't plan on entering again until after Pessach, you don't have to first check it for Chametz.
However, if it's within 30 days to Pessach, then you do have to check it at night with a candle before filling it.
If you forgot to check it before filling it, you have to empty it, and check it at night for Chametz with a candle.
Source: Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 429:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:12,13
- Danny
Sunday, 17 Adar-II 5776
Wednesday, March 23, 2016
Halocho #1673 - Wearing costumes for Megila reading
Purim starts tonight - Wednesday night. The Megilat Esther is read twice; once tonight and once tomorrow morning.
In Jerusalem - and other cities that were walled-in at the time Joshua-bin-Nun conquered the Holy Land - we celebrate Shushan-Purim a day later. We read the Megilla on Thursday night & Friday morning.
One should wear Shabbat-clothes in honor of the Megila reading.
The Purim meal should begin with a Dvar-Torah. Since Purim is 30 days before Pessach, the following is an appropriate Purim-meal Dvar-Torah:
“The laws of Pessach in Shulchan Aruch begin with: One should start learning the laws of Pessach thirty days before Pessach.”
On both Purim and Shushan-Purim Tachanun, Kel-Erach-Apaim and Lamenatze'ach are not said and fasting is not allowed.
Don't forget to add עַל הַנִּסִּים during Amida and Birkat Hamazon.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:4, 5, 9, 23
- Danny, Jerusalem
Wednesday, Ta'anith Esther, 13 Adar-II 5776
Tuesday, March 22, 2016
Halocho #1672 – When did Esther fast?
About 2,371 years ago, two days before Pessach, Haman decreed that all the Jews would be destroyed on 13th Adar, eleven months later.
After consulting with her cousin Mordechai, Queen Esther declared a 3-day fast that lasted through the first days of Pesach, after which she went – uninvited – to the king and invited him and Haman to a wine feast.
Ta’anis Esther is the only one of the 6 fast days not mentioned in Tanach.
The fast ends when the stars become visible (a few minutes before Motzai Shabbat time), and if needed, one may eat and drink before Megilla reading. However, one should not eat a meal until after hearing the Megilla.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:2,8, Esther 2:7, 3:12-9:30
- Danny
Tuesday, 12 Adar-II 5776
Monday, March 21, 2016
Halocho #1671 - Why do we give 3 half Shekels / Dollars / Rand / Pounds before Purim?
As a reminder of the yearly מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל that was given during the month of Adar to pay for the daily sacrifices in the Bet haMikdash, it is customary to give "half of the local currency" to charity.
The custom is to give 3 halves; in Israel 3 half Shekels, in the US 3 half dollars (for a total of $1.50).
The reason for the triple halves is that in פָרָשַׁת כִּי תִשָּׂא that discusses the מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל it says thrice תְּרוּמָה.
These 3 halves are given before Megilla reading - and are then distributed to the poor.
Children under Bar/Bat Mitzva are exempt; some opinions exempt them until they turn 20. However, once a father has given 3-halves for a child - even once - then he has to continue doing so yearly.
The above is not to be confused with the Mitzva of מַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים that must be done on Purim; giving donations to at least 2 poor people .
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:5
- Danny Schoemann
Monday, 11 Adar-II 5776
Sunday, March 20, 2016
Halocho #1670 - Why is Purim celebrated with so much food?
Purim celebrates the redemption from Haman's evil plot to annihilate the Jews.
He was not interested in converting them nor in capturing their land - he simply wanted to kill them. All of them; all of us.
Purim celebrates being alive, so the Mitzvos of the day are more physical than spiritual. This is the gist of the עַל הַנִּסִּים.
The עַל הַנִּסִּים is added to בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן before וְעַל הַכּל and to the Amida during מוֹדִים. If עַל הַנִּסִּים is forgotten there is no need to make amends, though it can be said later (and some Siddurim have relevant instructions.)
After hearing the Megilla and sending מִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת and מַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים the final Mitzva of the day is the Purim meal.
Since the highlights of the Purim saga involved wine, there's a Mitzva to drink more than one usually does, so that one falls asleep as a result.
However, people who can't control themselves when inebriated, or who risk missing any Mitzva in the process, are forbidden to drink.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 141:2, 6, 142:6
- Danny
Sunday, 10 Adar-II 5776
Thursday, March 17, 2016
Halocho #1669 - Remember: Come to shul this week!
There is an opinion that it's a Torah obligation to hear Parshat Zachor being read in shul this week, and if you don't have a Minyan near home you need to go to a town with a Minyan for this Shabbat.
If a Minyan cannot be found, Parshat Zachor should be read even without a Minyan. The verses are:
Here is the English translation of the verses read for Parshat Zachor, from Devarim 25:17-19 (the last 3 verses in Parshas כִּי תֵצֵא):
Remember what Amalek did to you on the way, when you were leaving Egypt.
How he met you on the way, and smote the feeble lagging behind, when you were faint and weary; and he feared not Gcd.
Therefore it shall be, when Hashem your Gcd has given you rest from all your enemies all around, in the land which Hashem your Gcd is giving you as an inheritance to possess, you shall blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven; do not forget!
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 140:3
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 7 Adar-II 5776
Wednesday, March 16, 2016
Halocho #1668 - Yahrzeit of Moshe Rabeinu
Tomorrow, 7 Adar, is the Yahrzeit of our teacher Moses - מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ and is a Ta'anis Tzadikim.
Many Jewish Burial Societies [Chevra Kadisha] have their annual meeting tomorrow, including fasting and special prayers.
Halachot related to Moshe Rabeinu:
When babies start talking one should teach them the verse "תּוֹרָה צִוָּה-לָנוּ, מֹשֶׁה. מוֹרָשָׁה, קְהִלַּת יַעֲקֹב" and שְׁמַע יִשְֹרָאֵל...", after ensuring that they are clean while being taught.
Moshe Rabeinu went up to Har-Sinai to get the 2nd set of לוּחוֹת on a Thursday and came down on a Monday, which is why these 2 days are auspicious for praying. That's why we add the long "וְהוּא רַחוּם" prayer before תַּחֲנוּן on these 2 days.
There's a limit as to how long one may mourn a deceased - but even for a great Torah scholar, one may not mourn longer than 30 days, as nobody can be greater than our teacher Moshe for whom it is stated "and they mourned for Moshe for 30 days".
Sources: Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 580:2, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 165:10, 22:9, 215:1
- Danny
Wednesday, 6 Adar-II 5776
Tuesday, March 15, 2016
Halocho #1667 - Destroy and remember
This Shabbat - the one before Purim - is Parshas Zachor.
A second Sefer Torah is taken out and for Maftir we read about the obligation to annihilate the nation of Amalek and remember their wickedness.
For the Haftara we read the story of King Saul's attempt to fulfill the Mitzva of annihilating Amalek. (Shmuel-1 Ch. 15)
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 140:2
- Danny Tuesday, 5 Adar-II 5776