The Torah forbids mating animals and birds of different species - this is part of Kil'ay Beheimo. However there is no obligation to prevent them from mating naturally. A mule is the hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. A hinny is the hybrid offspring of a male horse and a female donkey. The way to tell them apart is by their ears, tails and bray. (Yes. All this is from the Kitzur.) One may not use a mule and a hinny together as they are considered as 2 distinct species. If their ears, tails and bray are similar then one can assume they are both the same animal. There is an opinion that one may not a mule at all - not even for riding on - as one would be using 2 species simultaneously. Source: KSA 175:1, 6
Thursday, February 28, 2008
Halocho #59 - May one ride a mule?
Wednesday, February 27, 2008
Halocho #58 - One animal at a time
The Torah prohibits using different species of animals at the same time. This is called Kil'ay Beheimo. One may not pull a wagon with 2 different types of animals, e.g. a donkey and a horse. One may not ride in a wagon being pulled by 2 different types of animals. One may not even tie 2 different types of animals together to prevent them from escaping; this applies to birds as well. One may use a female and male of the same species as well as small and large animals of the same species. E.g. one could pull a wagon with a cow, a bull and a calf. Source: Kitzur SA 175:2, 3, 5
Tuesday, February 26, 2008
Halocho #57 - Mezuza checking
The Torah commands us to put a Mezuza on all our doorposts except for the washroom. The Mezuza needs to be affixed to the top third of the doorpost - but not in the top 1 Tefach (~9 cm; 3.5"). Every Mezuza needs to be checked twice in seven years. (Some have the custom of checking their Mezuzos in Adar-1; this is slightly more frequent than twice in seven years, but it's easy to remember.) A Mezuza on public buildings needs to be checked only twice in 50 years. Source: Kitzur SA 11:5,17,25
Monday, February 25, 2008
Halocho #56 - Grafting trees – Kilayim
It's a Torah prohibition to graft trees with branches from a different type of tree or plant. One may graft a tree with a branch of the same type of tree. One may not own a grafted tree; it needs to be uprooted. One may take a branch from a grafted tree and plant it. One may eat the fruit from grafted trees. Source: Kitzur Shulchan Oruch 174:1-2 Thanks to everybody who invited their friends to join. We're now a group of over 120 people on Facebook's Halocho a Day group! Thanks! - Danny Schoemann
Sunday, February 24, 2008
Halocho #55 - What comes after Orlo?
Orlo is the Torah prohibition of eating fruit from tress less than 3 years old. In the 4th year the fruit is called "Neta Revo'i" and needs to be "redeemed" by transferring its status onto a coin.
The coin needs to be worth at least a "peruta" (0.025 grams of pure silver; currently less than 2 US pennies.)
One says "I am redeeming the Neta Revo'i into this coin".
The coin is then destroyed and disposed of. Instead of a coin one can use fruit worth 2 pennies, which then needs to be destroyed.
After redeeming them, the "Neta Revo'i" (4th year fruit) can be eaten, anywhere by anybody.
When in doubt if the tree is less than 4 years old:
- In Israel the fruit is forbidden. (This is one of the many reasons that fruit needs Rabbinic Supervision in Israel)
- Outside of Israel the fruit is allowed, as long as you don’t pick it yourself. This is the way Moshe was given the Halocho at Har Sinai.
Sources: Kitzur SA 173:2, Mishna Orlo, 3:9
Friday, February 22, 2008
Halocho #54 - Last minute Shabbos preparations
Close to candle-lighting time one should ensure that Challa has been separated from the loaves to be used during Shabbos, and then one should announce that it's Candle Lighting Time. All this should be done calmly and pleasantly. Before leaving the house on Friday afternoon, one should check ones pockets to make sure they don’t contain objects that are Muktza. In places without an Eruv - where carrying is forbidden - one must ensure one pockets are empty every time one wants to step outside. Source: KSA 72:22-23.
Thursday, February 21, 2008
Halocho #53 - Three years of Orlo for trees
For 3 years after planting a tree, one may not eat its fruit, nor derive any benefit from the fruit, peels or pits. This is a Torah prohibition and applies to trees planted anywhere on the planet by anybody. How to count these 3 years: - Trees planted until Tu B'av (15th of the month of Av; 45 days before Rosh Hashana) have their first birthday on Rosh Hashana, and 2 years later turn "three years old". - Trees planted less than 45 days before Rosh Hashana need to count three years from their first Rosh Hashana. The laws of Orlo apply to trees grown from shoots or pits, and sometimes to trees that have been replanted. A tree that has was cut and its stump is less than 1 tefach (about 9 cm) high becomes Orlo again. Source: KSA 173:1,3,4
Wednesday, February 20, 2008
Halocho #52 - Purim Koton and eclipses
One should eat a bigger meal to increase happiness on 14th of Adar-1. Even in "walled cities" where Shushan-Purim is celebrated (e.g. Jerusalem) this is done on 14th (not 15th) of Adar-1 During Adar-1 the Megila is not read, nor does one say Al-Hanisim. Tonight (Wednesday night) is a full moon eclipse. See details on Answers.com There is no special brocho said on an eclipse, though on meteors and comets one says "Oseh ma'ase Breishis"* Sources: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch: 142:10, Last Halocho in Shulchan Oruch Orach Chaim (697:1), KSA 60:2
Tuesday, February 19, 2008
Halocho #51 - The day before Purim-Koton
Today - Tuesday 13th Adar-1 - Tachanun is not said at Mincha, since tomorrow (Wednesday) is Purim-Koton. (However, today is not the Fast of Esther; that applies in Adar-2 only.) On both days of Purim-Koton (Wednesday & Thursday) one omits Tachanun, Kel-Erech-Apayim (before the Torah reading on Thursday) and Lamenatze'ach (between Ashray and U'vo L'Tzion). One may also not fast nor eulogize on these 2 days. Source: KSA: 142:10
Monday, February 18, 2008
Halocho #50 - What's new? Chodosh and Yoshon
The "five grains" are wheat, barley, spelt, oats and rye. Grain that was planted and started taking root before the first day Chol Hamoed Pessach may be eaten immediately - and is called "Yoshon" (old). Grain that took root thereafter is "Chodosh" (new) and may not be eaten until after the 2nd day Chol Hamoed Pessach of the coming year. In Israel, Chol Hamoed Pessach starts on 16th Nissan, in the Diaspora on the 17th Nissan. The Torah prohibition of eating Chodosh applies to grain grown on Jewish land, according to all opinions. There is a minority opinion that Chodosh does not apply to grain grown in the Diaspora on non-Jewish land; the custom is to rely on this opinion in emergency. Source: KSA 172:1-3
Sunday, February 17, 2008
Halocho #49 - White hair
Friday, February 15, 2008
Halocho #48 - Shabbos food preparation
Thursday, February 14, 2008
Halocho #47 - Shaving
Wednesday, February 13, 2008
Halocho #46 - Yahrzeit of our teacher Moses; Moshe Rabeinu
Today, 7 Adar, is the 3,279th Yahrzeit of our teacher Moses - Moshe Rabeinu (according to most opinions) and is a Ta'anis Tzadikim. (Many Jewish Burial Societies [Chevra Kadisha] have their annual meeting today, including fasting and special prayers.) Halachot related to Moshe Rabeinu: When babies start talking one should teach them the verse "Torah Tziva Lanu Moshe..."* and Shma Yisrael...", after ensuring that they are clean while being taught. Moshe Rabeinu went up to Har-Sinai to get the 2nd set of tablets on a Thursday and came down on a Monday, which is why these 2 days are auspicious for praying - and we therefore add the long "Vehu Rachum" prayer before Tachanun on these 2 days. There's a limit as to how long one may mourn a deceased - but even for a great Torah scholar one may not mourn longer than 30 days, as nobody can be greater than our teacher Moshe for whom it is stated "and they mourned for Moshe for 30 days" Sources: Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 58:2, KSA 165:10, 23:9, 215:1 *תורה צוה לנו משה, מורשה קהלת יעקב
Tuesday, February 12, 2008
Halocho #45 - Tattoos
The Torah explicitly forbids tattooing; coloring the skin permanently. Both puncturing the skin and filling the holes with ink and putting ink on the skin and then injecting it are forbidden. However, one may put colored medication on wounds even if it will cause a permanent discoloring, since the wound will anyway leave a scar making it obvious that it's not a tattoo. Source: KSA 169:1
Monday, February 11, 2008
Halocho #44 - Replicating the Temple vessels
One may not build a house using the measurements of the Bet Hamikdash, nor a courtyard the size of its courtyards. (These measurements can be found in Tractate Midot.) One may not make a table identical to the one in the Bet Hamikdash. (Measurements and materials are in last week's Parsha: Terumah) One may not have a Menorah identical to the one in the Bet Hamikdash:
- A 7 branched menorah is forbidden even if it's not made of gold, and even if it doesn’t have the "flower & cup" designs nor the height of the Menorah described in Parshat Terumah. Reason: These details did not disqualify the Menorah in the Mikdash.
- One may have a 5, 6 or 8 branched Menora.
- A circular candelabrum with 6 arms and a 7th in the middle is questionable. Since this is a Torah prohibition one should be strict and forbid it.
- (Note: In Israel the big silver manufactures do not manufacture 7 armed candelabras in any configuration.)
Source: KSA 168:5-6
סעיף ד - אסור לעשות בית תבנית היכל כשיעור גבהו וארכו ורחבו. אכסדרה תבנית אולם חצר תבנית עזרה, שלחן תבנית השלחן שהיה בבית המקדש, מנורה, תבנית המנורה שהיתה בבית המקדש, אבל עושה של חמשה קנים או של ששה או של שמונה, אבל של שבעה לא יעשה אפילו משאר מיני מתכות, ואפילו בלא גביעים וכפתורים ופרחים, ואפילו אינה גבוהה שמונה עשר טפחים, משם דכל אלו דברים גם במנורה שבמקדש לא היו מעכבין. סעיף ה - יש נוהגין לעשות מנורה לשבעה נרות, דהיינו ששה בעיגול ואחד באמצע אבל הרבה פוסקים אוסרים זאת, ויש להחמיר בספק איסור דאורייתא. סעיף ו - העושה שמן המשחה במעשה ובמשקל האמור בתורה, חייב כרת ובשוגג חייב חטאת, והוא שעושה אותו כדי להמשח. והעושה קטורת מאחד עשר סמנין שבתורה לפי המשקולת אפילו לא עשה אלא חציו או שלישיתו חייב כרת, עשה להתלמד בה פטור.
Sunday, February 10, 2008
Halocho #43 - Calling idols by name is forbidden
One may not mention the name of idols for any reason - not even as a landmark to meet somebody (as in "meet me next to idol so-and-so") - as it says in Exodus: "and the name of other gods do not mention"* One should not cause even a non-Jew to mention the name of his idols, with the exception of having the non-Jew swear in court, where some opinions are lenient. Mockery is frowned upon, with the exception of mocking idol worship. Source: KSA: 167:9, 10 * ושם אלהים אחרים לא תזכירו לא ישמע על־פיך - שמות כ"ג:י"ג
Friday, February 8, 2008
Halocho #42 - Shabbos clothes
One should make an effort to have nicer clothes for Shabbos - including a nicer Tallit. Even if one is spending Shabbos amongst Goyim - or in solitude - one should wear Shabbos clothes, since wearing nice Shabbos clothes is done to honor the Shabbos. Before Shabbos comes in one needs to check ones pockets for muktza items, and if there's no Eruv (and one can’t carry outside) to ensure they're empty. Source KSA 72:16, 23
Thursday, February 7, 2008
Halocho #41 - When is the "real" Adar?
One increases joy when Adar begins. Adar is a good time to deal with court cases involving non-Jews. (I have not been able to establish if during a leap year the above is valid for Adar 1 (being the "real" Adar; the 12th month) or it only refers to the Adar closest to our joyous month of redemption (Nissan), viz. Adar 2.) Since 13 years ago was also a leap year, boys born 13 years ago become Bar Mitzva this year during whichever Adar they were born in. Girls born 12 years ago during Adar will not become Bat Mitzva until next month – Adar 2. If a person dies during a non-leap year in Adar then on leap years the Yahrzeit fast should be observed on Adar 1, and Kaddish should be said in both Adar 1 and Adar 2. However in Adar 2 he doesn’t have the usual preference given to a Yahrzeit, and in places where only one person at a time says Kaddish, then all other mourners get to say a Kaddish, and if there are any left, he does too. Source: KSA: 141:1, 15:2 and 221:3
Wednesday, February 6, 2008
Halocho #40 – Hallel on Rosh Chodesh
Today (Wednesday) is the first day of Rosh-Chodesh Adar 1. Hallel is recited on Rosh Chodesh and Mo'adim during Shacharit between the chazzan's repetition of the Amida and Reading the Torah. One needs to stand during recitation of Hallel, which preferably should be recited with a minyan. If one comes to shul late, one joins the minyan in their recitation of Hallel, even if it's before one has prayed. If one already started Psukay D'Zimra and the minyan begins Hallel one joins them, however one doesn’t say the bracha before and after Hallel, relying instead on Baruch-She'amar and Yishtabach. This applies only to days like Rosh Chodesh (excluding Tevet) when one says the "half"-Hallel. One should not interrupt the recitation of Hallel. Source: KSA 97:4
Tuesday, February 5, 2008
Halocho #39 – Financing idol worship
Some say that you may not lend money which will be used for the purchase of building a temple for idol worship or for anything else related to it – and obviously one may not sell such, and the one who refrains will succeed. One may not bind books related to idol worshipers, except for their civil law books. In cases where this would generate animosity one should try worm oneself out of it. Tonight is the first day Rosh Chodesh Adar 1 – if one forgot to say Ya'aleh Veyavo at night (on Rosh Chodesh) one need not make amends. Source: KSA 167:10, 19:10
Monday, February 4, 2008
Halocho #38 - Viewing idols
It is forbidden to gaze at an idol or its decorations. One should keep at least 4 Amot (~2m) from the idol's temple and obviously from the idol itself. One may not listen to music being played for an idol; if need be one should block ones ears. Source Kitzur Shulchan Aruch: 168:8
Sunday, February 3, 2008
Halocho #37 - Benefiting from idols
One may not benefit from anything related to idols, including its decorations, utensils and sacrifices. The building it's housed in, the pedestal it stands on and the musical instruments used in its service are all forbidden. Even the leftover candles stubs lit in its honor and the trees planted to enhance its scenery are forbidden to be used. Once a non-Jewish idol worshipper destroys his idol, all the above become permitted with the exception of the sacrifices which remain forbidden indefinitely. Source: Kitzur SA 167:1,2
Thursday, January 31, 2008
Halocho #36 - Snow on Shabbos
On Shabbos one may not crush snow or hail - causing them to dissolve, but one may put snow or hail into liquids where they will dissolve by themselves. On Shabbos one may not shake a black garment to remove the snow or dust from it. Source: Kitzur Sulchan Aruch 80: 14, 39. The 39 categories of activity prohibited on shabbat
Wednesday, January 30, 2008
Halocho #35 – Washing with Snow
If no cup is available for washing ones hands, one can immerse them into a river or into snow, if there's enough snow on the ground to fill a mikve. (About 350 litres/90 gallons.) This applies to washing three times after arising as well as before eating bread. Sources: KSA 2:6, 40:7

