Outside of Israel, this week we read the double Parsha of מַּטּוֹת and מַסְעֵי. In Israel, we only read the Parsha of מַסְעֵי.
Wednesday, July 31, 2019
Halocho #2346 - Don't interrupt the voyage
Tuesday, July 30, 2019
Halocho #2345 - Last chance for laundry
When the month of Av begins, one diminishes joy. From Rosh Chodesh Av until after the fast is the period known as the "9 days".
During the "9 days" one does not do any laundry even if one only intends wearing the clothes after the "9 days".
One may not even give laundry to a non-Jew to wash during the "9 days", but a Jew may do laundry for non-Jews.
One does not wear freshly laundered clothes during the "9 days" except on Shabbat. This does not apply to garments worn directly on the body; undergarments, socks, PJs and the like.
One may not change bed linens, tablecloths and towels during the 9 days.
The "9 days" starts on Thursday evening ( Rosh Chodesh Av) and ends 10 days later on Sunday after nightfall.
==> Therefore it's advisable to prepare a week's supply of shirts, pants, skirts, etc. by wearing them for a short while before Thursday evening, Rosh Chodesh. One can also prepare towels by using them once.
Baby clothing that get dirty all the time and needs to be changed many times a day are exempt from the above and may be laundered and used during the "9 days".
Anything halachically required for her "7 clean days", a Niddah may launder and wear during the "9 days".
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:9
To see a chart (in Hebrew in PDF) with the differences between Ashkenazi and Sefardi customs in the 3 weeks, go to http://tinyurl.com/Halocho9days
- Danny
Tuesday, 27 Tamuz 5779
Monday, July 29, 2019
Halocho #2344 - What about Havdala this week?
During the "9 days" (which start on Friday) one does not drink wine except on Shabbat. What about הַבְדָּלָה , which is said after Shabbat?
One makes הַבְדָּלָה as usual this week using wine (and spices and a candle).
If there is a small child who can drink most of the cup of wine, then one gives it to him to drink.
If not, then the person making הַבְדָּלָה drinks the wine.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:8
Some people have the custom of using beer for הַבְדָּלָה this week. If one uses beer for הַבְדָּלָה then the first Bracha needs to be שֶׁהַכֹּל נִהְיָה בִּדְבָרוֹ instead of בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּפֶן.
Source: Halachos of the 3 weeks by Rav Shimon Eider זצ"ל page 7
My Rosh Yeshiva - Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach זצ"ל - always used wine for הַבְדָּלָה and always drank it himself.
- Danny
Monday, 26 Tamuz 5779
Sunday, July 28, 2019
Halocho #2343 - How should I keep the Bet Hamikdash in mind?
After the destruction of the Bet Hamikdash, certain types of joy were forbidden and certain acts of mourning were instituted זֵכֶר לַחֻרְבָּן - as a reminder of the destruction.
One may not plaster one's entire house; a square Ama (~50 cm x 50 cm) of wall opposite [or above] the front door should be left bare to recall the destruction.
The reason many people don't do so nowadays is unclear.
A woman should never wear all her jewelry at the same time.
Some ashes are placed on a groom's head before the Chuppa (wedding ceremony) on the spot where he usually wears his Tefilin.
A bride's veil should not have gold or silver threads.
A plate is broken at the engagement and a cup under the Chuppa.
All these [and more] are done זֵכֶר לַחֻרְבָּן - as a reminder of the destruction.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 126:1,2
- Danny
Sunday, 25 Tamuz 5779
Thursday, July 25, 2019
Halocho #2342 - Cutting nails during the 3 weeks?
One may cut one's nails during the 3 weeks, until the week in which תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב falls.
On each Shabbat of the "3 weeks" we read a Haftara in which the prophet warned about the destruction of the Bet Hamikdash.
The first week (this week) we read the first chapter of יִרְמִיָּהוּ, which is the Haftara for מַּטּוֹת in most Chumashim.
The second week we read most of the second chapter of יִרְמִיָּהוּ.
The third week we read the first chapter of יְשַׁעְיָהוּ - Chazon; most of it in the sad tune that Megilat Eicha is read.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:6, 5
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 22 Tamuz 5779
Wednesday, July 24, 2019
Halocho #2341 - Why be sad when visiting the Kotel?
The Kotel ("Wailing Wall") is the Western retaining wall of the Temple Mount where the בֵּית הַמִּקְדָשׁ (Temple) stood until it was destroyed some 1,950 years ago.
The Kotel "plaza" is outside the Temple Mount. Every prayer of ours - Amida and Birkat Hamazon - includes a supplication to once again be able to serve Hashem on the other side of the Kotel; from inside the rebuilt בֵּית הַמִּקְדָשׁ.
When seeing the place where the בֵּית הַמִּקְדָשׁ stood, one needs to do Kri'a; tear one's clothes in the same way that mourners do.
One only needs to tear Kri'a if one hasn't been in Jerusalem for more than 30 days.
Source Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 561
The prevalent Yerushalmi custom is to not tear Kri'a on days one doesn't say Tachanun, including Friday afternoons.
- Danny
Monday, 23 Tammuz 5779
Tuesday, July 23, 2019
Halocho #2340 - May one get engaged during the 3 weeks?
We learned that the destruction of the בֵּית הַמִּקְדָשׁ (Temple) started on 17 Tammuz with the breaching of the walls, and ended 3 weeks later when it was set alight.
During this period of mourning, we do not get married.
Getting engaged is permitted during the 3 weeks.
Until Rosh Chodesh Av one may even celebrate with a festive meal, but without music and dancing. After Rosh Chodesh Av one may not have a festive meal, but one may serve refreshments.
One may even get engaged on a fast day, but no food may be served.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:1
- Danny
Tuesday, 20 Tamuz 5779
Monday, July 22, 2019
Halocho #2339- Is all music forbidden in the 3 weeks?
The period between the fast of 17 Tammuz and the fast of תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב three weeks later is known as בֵּין הַמְּצָרִים, or "The 3 Weeks".
Since the destruction of the בֵּית הַמִּקְדָשׁ (Temple) started on 17 Tammuz with the breaching of the walls, and ended 3 weeks later when it was set alight, this period of 3 weeks has been set aside as a time of mourning.
The custom is to forbid music, weddings, haircuts and shaving during the 3 weeks.
If one plays a musical instrument for a living, one may continue to do so for non-Jews until Rosh Chodesh Av.
Some have the custom of refraining from meat and wine during the entire 3 weeks, except on Shabbat and at a סְעוּדַת מִצְוָה (like at a Brit Mila). Everybody refrains from eating meat & drinking wine during the 9 days, except on Shabbat and a סְעוּדַת מִצְוָה.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:1
- Danny
Monday, 19 Tammuz 5779
Sunday, July 21, 2019
Halocho #2338 - Why do we fast today?
Today - Sunday - is the [deferred] fast of 17 Tamuz which commemorates 5 major misfortunes which happened to the Jewish people on this date:
• Moshe Rabbeinu broke the Luchot - the tablets - upon seeing the Golden Calf being worshiped
• The daily Tamid sacrifice was suspended in the first Bet Hamikdash as a result of the siege
• At the time of the 2nd Bet Hamikdash, the walls of Jerusalem were breached by the enemy, three weeks before the destruction
• Apustumus the wicked [Roman] burned a Sefer Torah
• An idol was placed in the Bet Hamikdash
On every fast-day there is Kriat HaTorah (Torah Reading) at both Shacharit and Mincha.
At מִּנְחָה, the 3rd Aliya also reads the Haftarah (דִּרְשׁוּ from Yeshayahu 55:6). Only somebody who is fasting should be called up to the Torah on a fast day.
During the מִּנְחָה Amida, individuals add the "עֲנֵנוּ" prayer into the 16th Bracha; שְׁמַע קוֹלֵנוּ. If one forgets, one does not need to make amends. If one remembers in time, one may say עֲנֵנוּ before taking 3 steps back at the end of the Amida.
The Chazzan adds עֲנֵנוּ during both שַׁחֲרִית and מִּנְחָה, as a separate Bracha before רְפָאֵנוּ. if he forgets he adds it into שְׁמַע קוֹלֵנוּ.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 23:15, 19:14, 20:8
Have a meaningful fast,
- Danny
Sunday, 17 Tamuz 5779
Thursday, July 18, 2019
Halocho #2337 - Last chance for a haircut!
It's customary not to have a haircut during the 3 weeks from 17 Tammuz until after the fast of 9 Av. This includes haircuts and shaving.
Since the "3 weeks" begin on Motzai Shabbat, Friday (tomorrow) is the last chance to have a haircut.
It's a Mitzvah to have a haircut on Friday in honor of Shabbat if one needs one.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:3, 72:14
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 15 Tamuz 5779
Wednesday, July 17, 2019
Halocho #2336 - Who needs to fast on Sunday?
Nearly everybody above Bar/Bat Mitzva needs to fast on Sunday - "The Fast of 17th Tammuz" which is deferred to 18th Tammuz this year.
The fast starts at dawn on Sunday morning and ends at nightfall on Sunday evening.
Pregnant and nursing mothers are exempt from fasting.
Anybody who isn't healthy shouldn't fast. When in doubt, consult your LOR (Local Orthodox Rabbi).
Children are not allowed to fast.
Those who are not fasting should limit their food intake to the bare minimum; only bread and water if possible.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 121:9
- Danny
Jerusalem, Wednesday, 14 Tamuz 5779
Tuesday, July 16, 2019
Halocho #2335 - How long are "The 3 Weeks"?
The woes of the Churban - the destruction of the Bet Hamikdash - began on 17th Tamuz and ended with the Bet Hamikdash being set alight on the afternoon of 9 B'Av.
The fire burnt until sunset the following day.
This period of 23 days - starting on Shabbat - is known as "The 3 Weeks" or בֵּין הַמְּצָרִים. (The fast is deferred to Sunday, as we learned yesterday.)
As we then approach the 9th of Av - 3 weeks later - the laws of mourning intensify, as we will learn in the coming days.
This year some of the customs of mourning (like no wine & no meat) continue until the morning after the fast (i.e. until Monday morning 11 Av - 27 July).
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:1, 124:20
- Danny
Tuesday, 13 Tamuz 5779
Monday, July 15, 2019
Halocho #2334 - When is the fast this year?
This year the 17th of Tammuz is on a Shabbat, and we never fast on Shabbat, except for the Torah-ordained fast of Yom Kippur.
In years when 17th Tammuz is on Shabbat, we fast on Sunday instead.
The same applies 3 weeks later; we will fast on Sunday, 10th Av - details to follow.
So this year we will fast on Sunday 22nd July/18th Tammuz and again on Sunday 5th August/10th Av.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 121:6
- Danny,
Monday, 12 Tammuz 5779
Sunday, July 14, 2019
Halocho #2333 - 5 shopping days left
It's customary not to say the Bracha of שֶׁהֶחִיָּנוּ during the 3 weeks from 17 Tammuz until after 9 Av.
Therefore, one should not buy nor wear new clothes during that period.
Since the "3 weeks" begin next Sunday, one should finish one's shopping and wear all new clothes [at least for a short time] before then.
When eating a fruit for the first time in a season one says the Bracha of שֶׁהֶחִיָּנוּ. If possible, one should not wait for the "3 weeks" to eat those fruit for the first time.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:2
- Danny
Sunday, 11 Tamuz 5779
Thursday, July 11, 2019
Halocho #2332 - Dismantling tents on Shabbat
Making a roof on Shabbat is forbidden; even if it's a temporary flimsy roof.
A roof is defined as a cover, over an area of at least 1 Tefach (8 cm, 3") by 1 Tefach, and at least 1 Tefach of space underneath it.
Any roof that one is not allowed to make on Shabbat, one is also forbidden to dismantle.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:77, 81
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 8 Tamuz 5779
Wednesday, July 10, 2019
Halocho #2331 - The tourists' Bracha guide
When seeing the ocean one says the Bracha of עוֹשֶׂה מַעֲשֶׂה בְּרֵאשִׁית - "... Who makes the work of creation".
When seeing mountains that are famous for their height one says the same Bracha.
These Brachot can only be said if one hasn't seen the ocean or that specific mountain for 30 days; excluding the day one last saw it and excluding the day of the current sighting.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 60:5, 12
- Danny
Wednesday, 7 Tamuz 5779
Tuesday, July 9, 2019
Halocho #2330 - When should one learn Torah?
After Shacharit (morning prayers) a person should have a fixed time to learn Torah; at least one verse or a single Halacha.
The Torah requires everybody to have a fixed time to learn Torah every day and every night.
Somebody who does not know how to learn Torah, or cannot find the time to learn, should support others who do learn Torah and they share the reward.
But even the busiest person should make an effort to learn some Torah every day.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 27:1-2
- Danny
Tuesday, 6 Tamuz 5779
Monday, July 8, 2019
Halocho #2329 - What Bracha does one make on Good News?
When finding out joyous tidings or upon hearing good news from a reliable source, one says a Bracha.
If it only affects oneself, then one says שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ; "... who has kept us alive, sustained us and permitted us to reach this occasion."
If it affects a group of people then one says הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב; "..Who is Good, and bestows good."
If one cannot say the Bracha right away - due to an unclean location or hands - then one can say it later, as long as one still feel the joy.
Even if the joyful event will probably cause one trouble at a later date, one still says the Bracha.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 59:1,3
- Danny
Monday, 5 Tammuz 5779
Sunday, July 7, 2019
Halocho #2328 - Can one say Kiddush Levanah by a window?
Yesterday - 3 Tammuz - was the day that יְהוֹשֻׁעַ told the sun and moon to stop orbiting, as recounted in Sefer Yehoshua Ch.10, verses 12-14.
Men have an obligation to say Kiddush Levanah every month. The custom is that women do not say Kiddush Levanah.
Kiddush Levanah cannot be said before the new moon is 3 days (72 hours) old. Some even wait until it's 7 days old.
Kiddush Levanah can only be said while the moon is waxing.
Kiddush Levanah should not be said while standing under a roof. However, if this is impossible or impractical, then it can be said inside by a window.
Source Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 97:7, 8, 10
- Danny
Sunday, 4 Tammuz 5779
Thursday, July 4, 2019
Halocho #2327 - Removing scabs on Shabbat
Reminder: Today is Rosh Chodesh!
It is forbidden to draw blood on Shabbat even from one's own body.
One may not squeeze pimples or open up wounds on Shabbat, as that would cause puss and/or blood come out.
One may remove scabs on Shabbat, if one is sure that no bleeding will occur.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:54, 91:14
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 2nd day Rosh Chodesh, 1 Tammuz 5779
Wednesday, July 3, 2019
Halocho #2326 - If I forgot to say Yaaleh VeYavoh in Benching?
Today is the 1st day of Rosh Chodesh Tammuz.
One may not fast on Rosh Chodesh.
Though it's a Mitzvah to eat a bigger meal on Rosh Chodesh, there is no obligation to eat bread on Rosh Chodesh.
If one ate bread on רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ then during Birkat haMazon one adds יַעֲלֶה וְיָבֹא.
If one forgot to add יַעֲלֶה וְיָבֹא and one has started the next בְּרָכָה, then one continues; no way to make amends.
But, if one remembers before starting the next בְּרָכָה, then one inserts the following short בְּרָכָה:
One then continues with the last בְּרָכָה of the benching.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 44:14, 97:2
- Danny
Wednesday, 1st day Rosh Chodesh Tammuz 5779
Tuesday, July 2, 2019
Halocho #2325 - Transporting Kosher food
Kosher meat that is given to a non-Jew to store or transport, needs 2 seals to ensure it's not tampered with.
The same applies to wine that is not cooked and to fish that no longer have their scales attached.
Cooked wine, wine-vinegar, milk, bread and cheese only need one seal.
The above applies whether a non-Jew is involved, or a Jew who cannot be trusted to keep Kosher.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 46:16
- Danny Schoemann
Tuesday, 29 Sivan 5779
P.S. Tonight, tomorrow (Wednesday) and Thursday will be Rosh Chodesh Tammuz
Monday, July 1, 2019
Halocho #2324 - Kashering from meat to milk
When needed, one can Kasher utensils that are not Kosher. E.g. if one put a Milky spoon in a hot bowl of Meat it cannot be used until it is Kashered.
Before Pesach, one can Kasher certain Chametz utensils to make them Kosher for Pesach.
When possible, Kashering should be done under the supervision of somebody who has learned all the intrinsic laws of Kashering.
When utensils are Kashered, they become Kosher and Parev; neither milky nor meaty.
The custom is to refrain from Kashering Milky utensils to use them subsequently for Meaty, or Meaty utensils to use them for Milky.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 46:15, 116:18
- Danny
Monday, 28 Sivan 5779