The "five grains" are wheat, barley, spelt, oats and rye.
Grain that was planted and started taking root before the first day Chol Hamoed Pessach may be eaten immediately - and is called "Yoshon" (old).
Grain that took root thereafter is חָדָשׁ - "Chodosh" (new) - and may not be eaten until after the 2nd day Chol Hamoed Pessach of the coming year. In Israel, Chol Hamoed Pesach starts on 16th Nissan, in the Diaspora on the 17th Nissan.
The Torah prohibition of eating Chodosh applies to grain grown on Jewish land, according to all opinions.
There is a minority opinion that Chodosh does not apply to grain grown in the Diaspora on non-Jewish land; the custom is to rely on this opinion in an emergency.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 172:1-3
- Danny
Tuesday, 25 Nissan 5779, 10th day of the Omer
Tuesday, April 30, 2019
Halocho #2282 - What's new? Chodosh and Yoshon
Monday, April 29, 2019
Halocho #2281 - Work during the Omer?
The custom is not to do any work from sunset until one has counted the Omer. This applies to men and women.
This is hinted in the verse which refers to the 7 weeks of the Omer-counting as שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת - using the word "Shabbat" instead of weeks.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 120:10
- Danny
Monday, 24 Nissan 5779, 9th day of the Omer
Sunday, April 28, 2019
Halocho #2280 - Countdown! The 7 weeks of the Omer!
From the second day of פֶּסַח until שָׁבוּעוֹת we count the 49 days of the עֹמֶר.
Counting is done after nightfall while standing. Before counting a Bracha is said:
Today is the 8th day of the Omer which is 1 week and 1 day.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 120:1
- Danny
Sunday, 23 Nissan 5779, 8th day of the Omer
Thursday, April 18, 2019
Halocho #2279 - A day full of Mitzvot
Tomorrow - Friday - is Erev Pesach and Erev Shabbat; a busy day.
One does not say מִזְמוֹר לְתוֹדָה nor לַמְנַצֵּחַ from Erev Pesach until Isru Chag.
One may not eat Chametz after 1/3 of the day, and then - within an hour - one needs to burn one's Chametz and say כָּל חֲמִירָא declaring all Chametz one owns to be ownerless like dust.
Work that may not be done on Chol Hamo'ed may not be done on Erev Pesach after noon.
One may not eat Matza on Erev Pessach.
One needs to prepare the salt water for the Seder before Shabbat begins.
One needs to ensure one has taken Challa from one's Matzot before Shabbat begins. (Matzot one buys in a sealed box usually have Challa separated already; check the box near the Kashrut seal to confirm.)
Remember to light a 48-hour candle (or leave on a flame on the stove) so that you can light Shabbat candles on Motzai Shabbat, if you live outside Israel.
For details of the Fast of the Firstborn see Halocho Halocho #2029 - Why do the firstborns fast?
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 113: 1 - 5
Wishing everybody a meaningful and enjoyable Pessach
- Danny
Thursday, 13 Nissan 5779
The next Halocho-a-Day is scheduled for after Pessach, Sunday, 23 Nissan
Wednesday, April 17, 2019
Halocho #2278 – Should one use a candle for Bedikat Chametz?
On Thursday night one may not do any work, nor eat anything, until one has checked the house for Chametz.
The entire house needs to be cleaned before one starts searching the house for Chametz. The Chametz that one plans to use until mid-morning on Friday morning needs to be put in a secure place.
First one says the Bracha "אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל בִּעוּר חָמֵץ" – "… to destroy Chametz", since the point of the search is to rid the house of Chametz.
After the search is complete one says "כָּל חֲמִירָא" declaring that "all Chametz one isn’t aware of" to be "ownerless and worthless like dust".
This declaration constitutes a Halachic "destroying Chametz", which is why one shouldn't interrupt between the Bracha, the searching and the כָּל חֲמִירָא with anything not related to the search.
One may appoint other members of the household to help with the search, as long as they are over Bar/Bat Mitzvah.
The search is done using a single candle which provides the optimal light for searching. A torch (like a Havdala candle) is not allowed – as it's a fire hazard and it gives a flickering light – and if it was used one needs to redo the search.
Search under all furniture, inside all closets, pockets of all clothes worn in the past year, school bags, purses, cars and anywhere else where Chametz could have been placed accidentally or purposely by adults, children or toddlers.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 111:1-10
There is no need to turn off the electric lights while searching with a candle, since with more light it's easier to find Chametz.
After searching with a candle in those places where it's safe and convenient to do so, one should continue with a flashlight, so that one can search safely and calmly without fear of burning down the house.
Source: Rabbi Shimon Eider zt"l, Halachos of Pessach, Vol. 1, page 86
- Danny
Wednesday, 12 Nissan 5779
Tuesday, April 16, 2019
Halocho #2277 - A rare Mitzvah: Eruv Tavshilin
One may not prepare from Yom Tov to Shabbat unless one does Eruv Tavshilin before Yom Tov.
This year the 7th day of Pessach is on Friday, so one needs to do Eruv Tavshilin on Thursday-Chol-Hamoed.
==> Make a note of this in your calendars - for Thursday 25 April / 20 Nissan <==
One takes Matza and a cooked or baked food that will be eaten on Shabbat and one says the Bracha:
One continues with the following, which must be said in a language one understands:
The Matza and food should be kept in a safe place; it they are eaten before Shabbat, a Rabbi should be consulted how to proceed.
Even those who don't have to cook for Shabbat, still need to do Eruv Tavshilin in order to light Shabbat candles (from an existing flame.)
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 102
- Danny
Tuesday, 11 Nissan 5779
Monday, April 15, 2019
Halocho #2276 - Selling Chametz to a non-Jew
Since most of us don't want to start selling Chametz on Erev Pesach, one can go to most local Rabbis and appoint them as a messenger to sell our Chametz.
The Rabbi will make a legal sale of the Chametz including a legal document and a deposit. Realize that this is a bona fide sale and that the non-Jew is entitled to come to our homes and request we hand over our Chametz, as has occasionally happened.
After Pesach, the Rabbi goes to the non-Jew and asks to be paid the remainder of the debt and offers to buy back the Chametz from the non-Jew at a higher price. Since the non-Jew usually prefers to make a quick profit rather than paying for hundreds of items scattered throughout the city, he will sell the Chametz to the Rabbi.
One should only sell Chametz and not the containers it's in - especially not containers that require Tevila, like metal and glass, otherwise one would need to Toivel them in a Mikva after Pesach since they belonged to a non-Jew during Pessach.
Chametz that has been sold (via the Rabbi) must be locked away so that one doesn't accidentally use it, which would be a double problem: Chametz on Pesach and stealing from the non-Jew.
Even if one has no intention of keeping Chametz in one's home, one should still go to a Rabbi to appoint him to sell ones Chametz. Why?
- A lot of products may be Chametz contrary to popular belief - depending on the latest production methods - like medications, creams, soaps or even food which one discovers later wasn't really Kosher for Pesach.
- During Pesach one may discover Chametz that one wasn't aware of, or that one forgot to get rid of in the last-minute pre-Pesach rush.
If one sold all one's Chametz then one didn't own any during Pessach.
Chametz that belonged to a Jew during Pesach may not be used after Pesach. This is a Rabbinical decree; a punishment for owning the Chametz.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 114
- Danny
Monday, 10 Nissan 5779
Sunday, April 14, 2019
Halocho #2275 - Is burning Chametz wasteful?
The Torah forbids us to waste or destroy items that can still be used.
The Torah commands us to burn - or otherwise destroy - all Chametz in our possession on Erev Pesach morning.
Can we reconcile these 2 Halachot?
The Mitzvah to destroy Chametz can be fulfilled with a bare minimum of Chametz; preferably with leftovers that nobody would be able to use. Usable Chametz can be donated - before Pesach - to various charity organizations which will distribute it to the needy.
Alternately, Chametz can be sold to a non-Jew. More about that tomorrow.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 114
- Danny
Sunday, 9 Nissan 5779
Thursday, April 11, 2019
Halocho #2274 - The great Shabbat Hagadol
The Jews in Egypt were commanded to take home a lamb for the pre-Exodus Seder on 10 Nissan, four days before it was going to be sacrificed.
It was a miracle that the Egyptians didn't harm the Jews when they did this since lambs were considered sacred objects in Egypt.
Since we left Egypt on Thursday 15 Nissan, this miracle happened on a Shabbat.
To commemorate this miracle, the Shabbat before Pesach is called שַׁבָּת הַגָּדוֹל - the Great Shabbat - and a special Haftara is read; the last chapter in מַלְאָכִי which predicts the future redemption, may we merit it in our days.
The custom is to read the narrative section of the הַגָּדָה at the conclusion of the Mincha service on Shabbat Hagadol. One starts at עֲבָדִים הָיִינוּ (we were slaves) until (but not including) Rabban Gamliel's admonition to say "פֶּסַח, מַצָה וּמָרוֹר".
Source: Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 430
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 6 Nissan 5779
Wednesday, April 10, 2019
Halocho #2273 - Storytelling is a Mitzvah
Seder night consists of food and talk.
Food:
- On Seder night there's a Mitzvah in the Torah to eat a piece of Korban Pesach on Matza with Marror (bitter herbs). Until the Bet Hamikdash (temple) is rebuilt we only have the Matza and Marror.
The minimum Torah requirement is to eat a Kezayit (an olive's worth) of Matza, which is approximately one-third of a square machine-Matza.
At a typical Seder, it's customary to eat 2 Kezeitim for Motzi-Matza, a 3rd Kezayit for the Hillel-sandwich and a fourth one for the Afikomen.
- On Seder night there's also a Rabbinic requirement to drink 4 cups of wine.
All the above - besides for the Marror - must be eaten while leaning on one's left side.
Talk:
The rest of the Seder consists of reading the entire Haggada. However, there's no Mitzva per se, to read the Haggada.
There's a Mitzvah in the Torah to tell one's children the story of the Exodus from Egypt in Question-Answer format on Seder night.
The Haggada gives a framework so that one covers all required parts of the story, which is why it's important to understand and explain all those parts of the Haggada that recount the slavery, 10 plagues and deliverance in a language that all participants understand.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 119:4, 5, 7
May we merit to eat the Korban Pesach soon, in our lifetime.
- Danny
Wednesday, 5 Nissan 5779
Tuesday, April 9, 2019
Halocho #2272 - Why do the firstborns fast?
Why don't firstborns celebrate the fact that they were saved from the 10th plague - the smiting of Egyptian firstborns?
On Erev Pesach - Friday next week - all firstborns will fast in commemoration of them fasting in Egypt on Erev Pesach, to ensure they wouldn't be punished along with the Egyptians in the 10th plague.
The Hallel said at the Seder includes praise for their delivery.
All firstborn males fast; even if they're only a firstborn to one of their parents.
Even firstborns who are exempt from Pidyon haBen - like Cohanim, Levites or being born after a stillborn - also have to fast.
The father of a young firstborn needs to fast for him.
Whether a firstborn (or his father) may attend a סְעוּדַּת מִצְוָה like a Siyum, Bris or Pidyon haBen and break his fast to participate in the meal, depends on local / family custom.
After breaking his fast, he can eat the rest of the day.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 113:6
- Danny
Tuesday, 4 Nissan 5779
Monday, April 8, 2019
Halocho #2271 - Spreading the joy of Yom Tov
It is a Mitzvah to honor Yom Tov:
- One should bathe, cut nails and get a haircut before Yom Tov.
- One shouldn't eat a meal during the second half of the afternoon on Erev Yom Tov so as not to spoil one's appetite for the festive evening meal.
- Yom Tov clothes should be nicer than Shabbat clothes.
It is a Mitzvah to be joyous on Yom Tov. This includes having 2 meals; one in the evening and one during the day.
The meals start with Kiddush and should include meat and delicacies and should be more elaborate than on Shabbat.
One should also provide the Neshama (soul) with Yom Tov joy by learning some Torah (e.g. Yom Tov related Halachot) at every meal.
There's a Mitzvah to make others happy on Yom Tov:
- Children should be given nuts and other treats.
- Women should be given new clothes and jewelry.
- The poor and unfortunate should be invited or provided with financial support.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 103:2,3,4,7
- Danny
Monday, 3 Nissan 5779
Sunday, April 7, 2019
Halocho #2270 - Bless the blossoms
The month of Nissan is the time of year when trees start to blossom (in the Northern hemisphere).
The first time a year that one sees edible fruit trees blossoming one says:
Once the flowers have fallen off and the fruit is visible, one can no longer say this Bracha.
One only makes this Bracha once a year.
It's an ancient custom to provide the needy with money for their Pessach needs, during the early part of Nissan, up and above one's regular charity contributions.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, 60:1, Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim, 226:1, 429:1
- Danny
Sunday, 2 Nissan 5779
Thursday, April 4, 2019
Halocho #2269 - Rosh Chodesh Nissan is on Shabbat
The first day of the first month - נִיסָן - will start on Friday night.
Don't forget הַלֵּל and יַעֲלֶה וְיָבֹא in the Amida and Birkat haMazon and אַתָּה יָצַרְתָּ עוֹלָמְךָ מִקֶּדֶם for Mussaf.
The first day of נִיסָן was the last of the 8 inaugural days of the Mishkan (tabernacle) and the first day that Aaron served as Kohen Gadol (high priest) and his 4 sons as Kohanim.
That same day, two of them - נָדָב and אֲבִיהוּא - brought an offering, not in accordance with Halacha, and were killed by a heavenly fire.
On that day, the heads of the 12 tribes started bringing their inaugural sacrifices - one prince each day.
Some people have the custom of reading that day's sacrifice during the first 12 days of נִיסָן. This can be found in the Siddur as the Torah Reading for Chanuka.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 107:1,2
Shabbat Shalom & Chodesh Tov!
- Danny
Thursday, 28 Adar 5779
Wednesday, April 3, 2019
Halocho #2268 - Nissan is special
One does not say תַּחֲנוּן during the entire month of נִיסָן.
One may not fast during נִיסָן, with the following exceptions:
- Firstborns fast on עֶרֶב פֶּסַח
- Fasting for distressingly bad dreams.
- Couples getting married during נִיסָן, even on רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ, whereas on any other רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ the bride and groom do not fast.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 107:1,2
- Danny
Wednesday, 27 Adar 5779
P.S. Tomorrow - Thursday - is Yom Kippur Kattan for Chodesh Nissan.
Tuesday, April 2, 2019
Halocho #2267 - Is January the first month?
This Shabbat we will take out 3 Sifrei Torah.
The first one for the weekly Sedra: תַזְרִיעַ.
The second one for Rosh Chodesh from בְּמִדְבַּר starting from וּבְיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת.
The third one - for Maftir - where we will read Parshat הַחֹדֶשׁ starting with הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חֳדָשִׁים from שְׁמוֹת Ch. 12, Verses 1-20
The Haftara will be the one for Parshat הַחֹדֶשׁ starting with - כֹּל הָעָם הָאָרֶץ יִהְיוּ אֶל הַתְּרוּמָה הַזֹּאת - from יְחֶזְקֵאל in Ch. 45.
Parshat הַחֹדֶשׁ reminds us of the following upcoming Mitzvot:
- The month of Nissan (which begins on Shabbat) is the first month of the Jewish calendar, as the opening words of Parshat Hachodesh proclaim: "This month is for you the first month" - הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חֳדָשִׁים רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם לְחָדְשֵׁי הַשָּׁנָה.
- The laws of Korban Pesach; sacrificed on Erev Pesach in the afternoon, it had to be roasted whole and then eaten on the first night of Pesach with Matza and Marror (bitter herbs).
- Leftovers had to be burnt on the first day of Chol Hamo'ed.
- Matza needs to be made carefully to ensure it doesn't become Chametz (leaven).
- The first and last days of Pesach are Yom Tov.
- One may not own Chametz, nor eat it, during Pesach.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 140:2
- Danny
Tuesday, 26 Adar 5779
Monday, April 1, 2019
Halocho #2266 - The Matza recipe
Matzah is made from flour and water. Nothing else.
The water is drawn from a well or spring the night before it is used and is known as מַיִם שֶׁלָּנוּ. The water for Sunday's baking is drawn on Thursday night.
The flour is ground from wheat that was harvested while still slightly green; once wheat is fully ripe it can become Chametz (leaven) even before being harvested if it comes into contact with water.
The wheat needs to be ground into flour at least 24 hours before it is used, to give it time to cool down.
18 minutes after water is added to flour the dough becomes chametz. Matzah baking happens in 18-minute batches after which all equipment is thoroughly cleaned to remove all traces of dough.
Matzah used at the Seder needs to be made with the intention of it being used for a Mitzvah; everybody involved in its production says "לְשֵׁם מַצַּת מִצְוָה" (for the purpose of the Mitzvah of Matza) before all activities. This is known as Shmura-Matza.
If a Matza has a fold in it, or a bubble more than a finger high (2.5 cm), then the fold or bubble are considered Chametz and need to be broken off and disposed of. The rest of the Matza can be eaten.
One is forbidden to eat Matza on Erev Pessach. Most people have the custom to stop eating Matza from Rosh Chodesh Nissan already. Some don't eat Matza an entire month before Pessach.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch: 108, 109, 110
- Danny
Monday, 25 Adar 5779