The day before Rosh Chodesh is called Yom Kippour Kattan.
If Rosh Chodesh is on Shabbat or Sunday then Yom Kippour Kattan is said earlier; on the Thursday before, so as not to fast on Friday.
Mincha (the afternoon prayers) on Yom Kippour Kattan includes prayers asking for repentance, so as to begin the new month with a "clean slate". An online copy in PDF can be seen at http://tinyurl.com/YomKippKatan
Some have the custom to fast on Yom Kippour Kattan.
In anticipation of the month of Elul and the upcoming High Holidays, most Ashkenazi communities say the Yom Kippour Kattan prayers before Rosh Chodesh Elul, in order to get into the Teshuva (repentance) mood.
Tomorrow - Thursday - is Yom Kippour Kattan. Rosh Chodesh Elul will be on Shabbat & Sunday.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 97:1, 128:1
- Danny
Wednesday, 27 Menachem Av 5776
Wednesday, August 31, 2016
Halocho #1774 - Tomorrow is Yom Kippour Kattan
Tuesday, August 30, 2016
Halocho #1773 - How do I know if fruit is Kosher?
Fresh fruit is always Kosher, however, it may have an עָרְלָה (tree less than 3 years old) problem, as we've learned in the past few days.
When in doubt if the tree is less than 4 years old:
- In Israel, the fruit from such a tree is forbidden. (This is one of the reasons that fruit needs Rabbinic Supervision in Israel. Other issues include Shmita, נֶטַע רְבָעִי - the 4th year fruit - and the separation of Terumot and Ma'asrot.)
- Outside of Israel, the fruit is allowed, as long as you don’t pick it yourself. This is the way Moshe was given the Halocho at Har Sinai.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 173, Mishna Orlo, 3:9
- Danny
Tuesday, 26 Menachem Av 5776
Monday, August 29, 2016
Halocho #1772 - What comes after Orlo?
Orlo - עָרְלָה - is the Torah prohibition of eating fruit from trees less than 3 years old, as per last Wednesday's Halocho.
In the 4th year, the fruit is called נֶטַע רְבָעִי and needs to be "redeemed" by transferring its status onto a coin. The coin needs to be worth at least a "Peruta" (0.025 grams of pure silver; about 1½ US pennies at today's rate.)
In Israel one makes a Bracha when redeeming נֶטַע רְבָעִי:
One then says "I am redeeming the נֶטַע רְבָעִי into this coin".
The coin is then destroyed and disposed of.
Instead of a coin one can use fruit worth about 1½ pennies, which then needs to be destroyed.
After redeeming them, the נֶטַע רְבָעִי - the 4th year fruit - can be eaten, anywhere by anybody.
Sources: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 173:2
- Danny
Monday, 25 Menachem Av 5776
Thursday, August 18, 2016
Halocho #1771 - Shabbat Nachamu
Usually, the Haftara is connected to the weekly Torah Reading.
During the 7 weeks following the fast of 9 B'Av we read the שִׁבְעָה דְּנֶחָמָתָא - the Seven Haftarot of Consolation from יְשַׁעְיָהוּ.
However, in 2 week's time, since it will be שַׁבָּת רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ אֱלוּל, we will read the regular Shabbat-Rosh-Chodesh Haftarah of הַשָּׁמַיִם כִּסְאִי - since it also talks about the consolation.
2 weeks later - on Shabbat כִּי תֵצֵא we then read the missed Haftara עֲנִיָּה סוֹעֲרָה after the regular one רָנִי עֲקָרָה together, as they are one chapter (Ch. 54) in יְשַׁעְיָהוּ.
This Shabbat is named after the opening words of the first of the Seven Haftarot of Consolation: נַחֲמוּ נַחֲמוּ עַמִּי - Hashem instructs the prophet יְשַׁעְיָהוּ to "Console, console My people". (Isaiah Ch. 40)
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128:4
Reminder: No Tachanun this afternoon, as Friday is Tu B'Av.
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 14 Menachem Av 5776
Wednesday, August 17, 2016
Halocho #1770 - Three years of Orlo for trees
For 3 years after planting a tree, one may not eat its fruit, nor derive any benefit from the fruit, peels or pits. This is a Torah prohibition and applies to trees planted anywhere on the planet by anybody.
How to count these 3 years:
- Trees planted until Tu B'av (Friday - 15th of the month of Av; 45 days before Rosh Hashana) have their first birthday on Rosh Hashana, and 2 years later they turn "three years old".
- Trees planted less than 45 days before Rosh Hashana need to count three years from their first Rosh Hashana.
The laws of Orlo apply to trees grown from shoots or pits, and sometimes to trees that have been replanted. A tree that was cut and its stump is less than 1 Tefach (about 9 cm - 3.5 inches) high becomes Orlo again.
One does not say Tachanun on Tu B'Av (Friday), nor at Mincha the afternoon before (Thursday afternoon). A bride and groom do not fast on their wedding day if it's on Tu B'Av.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 22:8, 146:2, 173:1,3,4
- Danny
Wednesday, 13 Menachem Av 5776
אִילָן שֶׁנִּקְצַץ, אִם נִשְׁאַר גָבוֹהַּ מֵהָאָרֶץ טֶפַח, אֲזַי מַה שֶּׁגָּדַל אַחַר כָּךְ, אֵינוֹ חַיָב בָּעָרְלָה. אֲבָל אִם לֹא נִשְׁאַר טֶפַח, חַיָב בָּעָרְלָה. וּמוֹנִין הַשָּׁנִים מִשְּׁעַת הַקְּצִיצָה. וְאִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֶקַר וְנִשְּׁאַר מִשָּׁרָשָיו מְחֻבָר, אֲפִלּוּ רַק כָּעֳבִי הַמַּחַט שֶׁמּוֹתְחִין בָּהּ הַבֶּגֶד, לְאַחַר אֲרִיגָה, בְּיָדוּעַ שֶׁיָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת בְּלִי תוֹסֶפֶת עָפָר וּפָטוּר, וַאֲפִלּוּ הוֹסִיף עָלָיו עָפָר הַרְבֵּה
Tuesday, August 16, 2016
Halocho #1769 - Why is Tu B'Av a joyous day?
Tu B'Av will be on this Friday, Erev Shabbat.
A number of joyous events happened over the years on Tu B'Av.
- It was the day the Generation-of-the-Wilderness realized that the sin of the spies had been forgiven, in the year 2488.
- It was the day that the tribes were allowed to intermarry, including orphaned daughters (as per בְּמִדְבַּר Ch. 36:8) once all those who conquered the Land had passed away.
- On the same day the tribe of Binyamin were allowed to intermarry with other tribes, after the scandal of Give'ah (as per שֹׁפְטִים Ch. 19 - 21), around the year 2524.
- It was the day that King הוֹשֵׁעַ בֶּן אֵלָה removed the blockades that the wicked King יָרָבְעָם בֶּן נְבָט had placed on the roads, preventing the Jews from going to Jerusalem for the Festivals about 75 years earlier, around the year 3040.
- It was the day the Romans allowed those massacred in Beitar by the wicked Hadrian to be buried, some time after he died in 138 (C.E).
- It was the day they stopped chopping wood for the altar in the Bet Hamikdash every year, as it marks the end of "summer" (as per Rashi on בְּרֵאשִׁית Ch. 8:22) and the start of the 2 months of "heat". The wood had to be worm free to be used on the altar, and had to be fully dried before the rainy season.
This gave everybody more time for learning Torah - and therefore Tu B'Av is the Joyous Day of Increased Torah Learning (and one does not say Tachanun on Tu B'Av.)
Source: The Book of our Heritage, Vol 3 page 307-313, (Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 22:8)
- Danny
Tuesday, 12 Menachem Av 5776
Monday, August 15, 2016
Halocho #1768 - Tikun Chatzot
If possible, one should awaken at midnight and say תִּקּוּן חֲצוֹת; lamenting the destruction of the Bet Hamikdash and the resultant loss of Torah learning as well as the numerous Mitzvot we can no longer do.
If getting up at midnight is not an option, one should get up before dawn to say Tikun Chatzot.
After תִּקּוּן חֲצוֹת one should learn some Torah; Mishna or Tehillim or Mussar.
At the very latest one needs to awaken in time to get to shul before they start morning prayers.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 1:5
- Danny
Tuesday, 11 Menachem Av 5776
Thursday, August 11, 2016
Halocho #1767 - Havdala this week
Since the fast has already begun, one cannot make Havdala on Motzai Shabbat, this week.
What one does, once it's Motzai Shabbat:
- Before removing one's shoes and doing any work one says בָּרוּךְ הַמַּבְדִּיל בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ לְחֹל.
The Kitzur recommends one says the longer version:
- Upon seeing a flame, one says the Bracha of בּוֹרֵא מְאוֹרֵי הָאֵשׁ.
Typically this will be done in shul after the Amida; somebody will light a Havdala candle.
If one is not going to shul, one can light one's own Havdala candle for this purpose.
- In the Amida one says אַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ like on every Motzai Shabbat.
If one forgets, one does not make amends. However, if one didn't say אַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ then one cannot eat after the fast until one has heard Havdala.
- Havdala is done on Sunday night, after the fast.
No candle and no spices. Only wine. Only בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּפֶן and the long הַמַּבְדִּיל-Bracha are said.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 125:6, 96:5
Shabbat Shalom,
Danny
Thursday, 7 Av 5776
Wednesday, August 10, 2016
Halocho #1766 - When can I do laundry & have a haircut?
The (deferred) fast of Tish'a B'Av will be on Sunday.
On Sunday night - after the fast - one may not eat meat nor drink wine. It's inappropriate to go from mourning to feasting.
(Music and dancing are also forbidden. Laundry, shaving and haircuts are allowed.)
Once Monday morning dawns, all forms of "3-weeks" mourning are suspended.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 125:7 (and "Halachos of the 3 weeks" by Rav Shimon Eider זצ"ל)
Danny
Wednesday, 6 Av 5776
Tuesday, August 9, 2016
Halocho #1765 - Who must fast on 9 B'Av?
On 9 B'Av (from sunset on Shabbat afternoon - until nightfall on Sunday evening) almost everybody needs to fast.
Pregnant and nursing mothers need to fast on 9 B'Av even if it causes them discomfort, unless it's dangerous to their health.
When in doubt, consult your LOR (Local Orthodox Rabbi).
During the first 7 days after childbirth, a mother is not allowed to fast.
Anybody who isn't healthy should only fast for a few hours. This includes a mother between 7 and 30 days after childbirth unless she feels up to fasting. When in doubt, consult your LOR.
Children are not allowed to fast.
Those who are not fasting should limit their food intake to the bare minimum; only bread and water if possible.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 124:6
Danny
Tuesday, 5 Av 5776
Monday, August 8, 2016
Halocho #1764 - Learning Torah on Shabbat, 9th of Av
Since the 9th of Av is on Shabbat, we will fast on Sunday, 10 Av (26 July).
On Shabbat, we say אָב הָרַחֲמִים at שַׁחֲרִית, but we don't say צִדְקָתְךָ צֶדֶק nor פִּרְקֵי אָבוֹת at מִנְחָה.
On Shabbat, it's preferable to only learn those sections that one is allowed to study on the fast of 9-Av. This includes Halachot of the fast and those sections of Tanach and Talmud that discuss the destruction of the Bet HaMikdash.
However, one may review the weekly Parsha, with Rashi and Targum.
(It's better to continue learning one's regular Torah studies rather than sit idle.)
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 125:3,4
Danny
Monday, 4 Av 5776
Sunday, August 7, 2016
Halocho #1763 - The fast is on Sunday, what about Shabbat?
Since the 9th of Av is on Shabbat, we will fast on Sunday, 10 Av (26 July).
On Shabbat, one may eat meat and wine, until sunset - שְׁקִיעַת הַחַמָּה.
After sunset, one may not eat nor drink anything, until after the fast (Sunday evening).
However, one does not remove one's shoes nor sit on the ground (or low stools) until after the Chazzan has said בָּרְכוּ.
If Maariv begins after Motzai Shabbat time, or one is not going to shul, then one removes one's shoes at Motzai Shabbat time, after saying בָּרוּךְ הַמַּבְדִּיל בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ לְחֹל.
If one eats the 3rd meal after מִנְחָה, then it should not be with a big crowd. One's regular guests are allowed to join, and one may make בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן with a זִמּוּן.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 125:1,2
Danny
Sunday, 3 Av 5776
Thursday, August 4, 2016
Halocho #1762 - No more meat leftovers!
From Rosh Chodesh Av (starting tonight - Thursday evening) until after the fast is the period known as the "9 days".
The custom is to not eat meat and chicken and to not drink wine during the "9 days", except on Shabbat.
Food cooked together with meat should not be eaten - even if one doesn't eat the meat.
Those who need to eat meat (or drink wine) for health reasons, may do so. If possible, even they should refrain (with the Doctor's permission) from the 7th of Av; the day the Romans entered the Bet Hamikdash.
At a סְעוּדַּת מִצְוָה (a Mitzva meal) - a Brit, Pidyon HaBen or Siyum - one may serve meat and wine. Besides for close family, one may invite up to 10 friends one would normally invite.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:8
Chodesh Tov and Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 29 Tammuz 5776
Wednesday, August 3, 2016
Halocho #1761 - Don't interrupt the voyage
This week in Israel we read the Parsha of מַסְעֵי. In the diaspora we read the double Parsha of מַּטּוֹת and מַסְעֵי. Parshat מַסְעֵי begins by listing the 42 encampments the wandering Jews had during their 40 years in the desert.
All 42 encampments should be read together during the same "Aliya".
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 78:4
After the last Aliya the congregation says "חֲזַק חֲזַק וְנִתְחַזַּק" in honour of finishing the 4th Chumash - בְּמִדְבַּר.
The Haftara this week is שִׁמְעוּ - the 2nd chapter of יִרְמְיָהוּ; a continuation of last week's Haftara.
- Danny
Wednesday, 28 Tamuz 5776
Tuesday, August 2, 2016
Halocho #1760 - Last chance for laundry
When the month of Av begins, one diminishes joy. From Rosh Chodesh Av until after the fast is the period known as the "9 days".
During the "9 days" one does not do any laundry even if one only intends wearing the clothes after the "9 days".
One may not even give laundry to a non-Jew to wash during the "9 days", but a Jew may do laundry for non-Jews.
One does not wear freshly laundered clothes during the "9 days" except on Shabbat. This does not apply to garments worn directly on the body; undergarments, socks, PJs and the like.
One may not change bed linens, tablecloths and towels during the 9 days.
The "9 days" starts on Thursday evening (4 Aug / Rosh Chodesh Av) and ends 10 days later on Sunday after nightfall. (14 Aug / 10 Av).
==> Therefore it's advisable to prepare a week's supply of shirts, pants, skirts, etc. by wearing them for a short while before Thursday evening, Rosh Chodesh. One can also prepare towels by using them once.
Baby clothing that get dirty all the time and needs to be changed many times a day are exempt from the above and may be laundered and used during the "9 days".
Anything halachically required for her "7 clean days", a Niddah may launder and wear during the "9 days".
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:9
To see a chart (in Hebrew in PDF) with the differences between Ashkenazi and Sefardi customs in the 3 weeks, go to http://tinyurl.com/Halocho9days
- Danny
Tuesday, 27 Tamuz 5776
Monday, August 1, 2016
Halocho #1759 - What about Havdala this week?
During the "9 days" (which start on Friday) one does not drink wine except on Shabbat. What about הַבְדָּלָה , which is said after Shabbat ends?
One makes הַבְדָּלָה as usual this week using wine (and spices and a candle).
If there is a small child who can drink most of the cup of wine, then one gives it to him to drink.
If not, then the person making הַבְדָּלָה drinks the wine.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:8
Some people have the custom of using beer for הַבְדָּלָה this week. If one uses beer for הַבְדָּלָה then the first Bracha needs to be שֶׁהַכֹּל נִהְיָה בִּדְבָרוֹ instead of בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּפֶן.
Source: Halachos of the 3 weeks by Rav Shimon Eider זצ"ל page 7
My Rosh Yeshiva - Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach זצ"ל - always used wine for הַבְדָּלָה and always drank it himself.
- Danny
Monday, 26 Tamuz 5776