On Sukkoth there's a Mitzvah to shake the four species; a Lulav, 3 Haddasim, 2 Aravot and an Etrog.
Each Haddas is a branch of a myrtle bush, and must be at least 3 Tefachim (24 cm - 10") long.
Myrtle leaves grow on the stem in groups of three or more. A Kosher Haddas needs to be Meshulash; with each group of leaves growing out of the branch at exactly the same height.
Preferably the Haddas should be Meshulash its entire length, though it's Kosher if only the top half is Meshulash.
The entire Haddas needs to be covered in leaves, the top of the lower leaves must reach the bottom of the higher ones.
Myrtle bushes have berries growing on them. A Haddas should not have any berries on it; berries should be removed (with their stems) before Yom Tov.
Make sure that the top of the Haddas is not cut off, it usually ends in a set of tiny leaves.
Haddasim need to be kept fresh; dried out Haddasim are not Kosher.
Source: Shulchan Aruch 646.
Ktiva Vechatima Tova; wishing you a year full of good news,
- Danny
Tuesday, 14 Elul 5775
Monday, August 31, 2015
Halocho #1648 - Tell me about the Haddas - Myrtle?
Sunday, August 30, 2015
Halocho #1647 - Tell me about the Etrog
On Sukkoth there's a Mitzvah to shake the four species; a Lulav, 3 Haddasim, 2 Aravot and an Etrog.
The Etrog is a citron; Citrus Medica.
It is held in one's left hand when shaking the four species, with the stem (where it was cut off the tree) facing downwards.
By nature the Etrog tree is very soft (mine buckled during a light Jerusalem snow storm), therefore it is often grafted onto other trees to make it stronger. An Etrog from a grafted tree cannot be used when shaking the four species.
(Grafted fruit is Kosher to eat, despite the prohibition against grafting trees.)
The Etrog needs to be whole; scratches and dents may invalidate it.
The Etrog should not have dark dots on it, though it may have light scabs that are a result of leaves and thorns brushing against it while it grows. (Etrog trees have thorns that grow to about 2" long.)
The "nose" of the Etrog - from where it starts getting narrow - should be perfectly clean.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 174:2, Shulchan Aruch 648
Ktiva Vechatima Tova
- Danny
Sunday, 15 Elul 5775
Thursday, August 27, 2015
Halocho #1646 - Vinegar
Vinegar made from non-Kosher wine or grape juice is not Kosher.
Vinegar made from Kosher wine or grape juice that was not boiled, can still become non-Kosher if a non-Jew touches it, unless it's so strong that it bubbles when poured onto the ground.
On Shabbat it's forbidden to add liquids into vinegar with the intent of making more vinegar.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:56, 47:10
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 12 Elul 5775
Tuesday, August 25, 2015
Halocho #1645 - Understanding one's prayers
During Elul one gets ready for the upcoming Days of Judgement (Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur) with a three-pronged approach:
- Teshuva; repenting. Improving one's Mitzva observance.
- Tefilla; praying. Asking Hashem for help and praising and thanking Him for being good to us.
- Tzedaka; giving charity to those less fortunate than ourselves.
In order to pray properly one needs to understand what one is saying. If one is not fluent in Hebrew, one should get a Siddur and Machzor with an English translation.
One should remember that one is praying - talking - to the One Above. If one's thoughts wander during prayers one should pause and recollect one's thoughts.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 18: 3-4.
Ktiva Vechatima Tova; with wishes for a Happy New Year,
- Danny
Tuesday, 10 Elul 5775
Monday, August 24, 2015
Halocho #1644 - Are your Mezuzot Kosher?
Some people have the custom to get their Tefillin and Mezuzot checked yearly during the month of Elul.
At the very least one should check one's Mezuzot twice every 7 years.
Tefillin that are used daily do not need to be checked unless they get wet. However, one should check them every few years since they do wear out eventually.
Tefillin that are only used occasionally should be checked twice every 7 years.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128:3, 11:25, 10:26
Ktiva Vechatima Tova
- Danny
Monday, 9 Elul 5775
Sunday, August 23, 2015
Halocho #1643 - Talking can kill you!
According to some opinions, yesterday (7 Elul) the 10 spies died as a punishment for talking evil about the land of Israel.
Any speech that can result in a person being harmed - emotionally, financially or otherwise - even if it's accurate - is usually forbidden.
When there's a real need for the information to be passed along - e.g. to prevent harm to others - it is often permitted to relay the information. One needs to learn the Halachot of when this applies, since sometimes it's forbidden to withhold the information, other times it's forbidden to relay the information.
Source: Orach Chaim 580:2, Chofetz Chaim, Hil. Shmiras Halashon, Intro.
Ktiva Vechatima Tova
- Danny
Sunday, 8 Elul 5775
Thursday, August 20, 2015
Halocho #1642 - Removing nails and hangnails on Shabbat
One may not cut off hangnails on Shabbat; not with an instrument, nor by hand and not even by biting it off.
(Hangnail: A small piece of dead skin at the side or the base of a fingernail that is partly detached from the rest of the skin.)
One may not cut nails on Shabbat. If a nail is partly disconnected it may not be detached on Shabbat.
If a nail is almost completely detached - and will eventually fall off - and it's causing discomfort, one can remove it by hand but not with an instrument.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:55
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 5 Elul 5775
Wednesday, August 19, 2015
Halocho #1641 - Excel in one Mitzva
Doing Teshuva - repenting - is a Mitzva mentioned in the Torah.
Even though Hashem is prepared to accept our Teshuva all year round, the days from Rosh Chodesh Elul until Yom Kippour are an auspicious period for improving one's ways.
This period dates back to when Moshe went up to Har Sinai to receive the second set of Luchot; Moshe went up on Rosh Chodesh Elul and returned 40 days later on Yom Kippour with the second set of Luchot.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128: 1
At the very least one should choose one Mitzva or Halacho to improve on, during this period.
Ktiva Vechatima Tova
- Danny
Wednesday, 4 Elul 5775
Tuesday, August 18, 2015
Halocho #1640 - Good year wishes
From the beginning of the month of Elul until after Yom Kippur, one should add seasonal greetings when writing to friends.
This can be done at the start or end of the letter.
One should wish them - or bless them - with a good year; to be inscribed in the book of good life.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128: 2
כְּתִיבָה וְחֲתִימָה טוֹבָה; with wishes for a year full of blessings
- Danny
Tuesday, 3 Elul 5775
Monday, August 17, 2015
Halocho #1639 - When do Selichot start?
Starting today - Monday - Sephardim started saying סְלִיחוֹת before שַׁחֲרִית and will continue doing so the entire month of אֱלוּל until עֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים.
This year סְלִיחוֹת - for Ashkenazim - starts on Sunday (22 Elul / 6 September), 9 days before רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה.
סְלִיחוֹת usually start the Sunday before רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה, however, we need at least 4 days of סְלִיחוֹת. So this year - since רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה is on Monday-Tuesday, we start a week earlier.
סְלִיחוֹת should be said before Shacharit, towards the end of the night. The end of the night is an עֵת רָצוֹן; an auspicious time when Hashem is more receptive to listening to one's prayers.
When arising for סְלִיחוֹת one should wash one's hands even if it's still night, and make the Bracha עַל נְטִילַת יָדַיִם.
One should also say the 2 Brachot of בִּרְכַּת הַתּוֹרָה before saying סְלִיחוֹת.
After Selichot one should wash one's hands again (if the first washing was pre-dawn), but one does not repeat the Bracha.
One should preferably stand during סְלִיחוֹת. During the "Kel Melech", 13 Middot and the Viddui one must stand.
The Chazzan for סְלִיחוֹת should preferably be a Torah Scholar, well liked and if possible married with children and over 30 years of age. However, any Jew can be a Chazzan as long as the community approves. The same applies to the Chazzan for רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה and Yom Kippur as well as the person blowing the Shofar.
סְלִיחוֹת are not said on Shabbat.
Source: Shulchan Aruch 581, 4, 5, 6
Ktiva Vechatima Tova; may all your prayers be answered,
Chodesh Tov
- Danny
Monday, 2 Elul 5775
Sunday, August 16, 2015
Halocho #1638 - Why do we blow the Shofar during Elul
Today - Sunday - is the second day of Rosh Chodesh Elul; the first day of the month of Elul.
The coming 40 days, starting today, correspond to the 40 days that Moshe spent on Har Sinai, to receive the 2nd set of Luchot (Tablets with the 10 commandments written on them).
Moshe came down with these Luchot on Yom Kippur. Ever since, these 40 days are especially auspicious for Teshuva; repenting.
The custom is to blow the Shofar after Shacharit (the morning prayers) from today, until Friday, 27 Elul (11 September), as a reminder to start improving one's Torah observance and to repent for past misdeeds.
On Erev Rosh Hashana, the Shofar is not blown, in order to create a division between the custom of blowing Shofar in Elul and the Torah-commandment to blow Shofar on Rosh Hashana.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128:1, 2
Starting tomorrow - Monday - Sefardim say Selichot before Shacharit and continue doing so the entire month of Elul until Erev Yom Kippur.
Chodesh Tov
- Danny
Sunday, 2nd day Rosh Chodesh Elul 5775
Thursday, August 6, 2015
Halocho #1637 - Watering meat on Shabbat
Meat has to Kashered (soaked, salted and rinsed to remove the blood) within 3 days of being slaughtered.
If this is not possible then the meat has to be hosed down every 3 days.
It is forbidden to hose down meat on Shabbat. However one may ask a non-Jew to do so, to prevent the meat from becoming forbidden.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 36:27, 80:56
This week is Shabbat-Mevorchim Chodesh Elul. Rosh Chodesh Elul will be the following Shabbat and Sunday (Aug. 15-16).
Shabbat Shalom
- Danny
Thursday, 21 Menachem Av 5775
Wednesday, August 5, 2015
Halocho #1636 - Wash your face daily
Upon awakening, one should wash one's hands from a cup, alternating between the right and left hand until each hand is washed 3 times.
Two reasons are given:
- You are starting a new day of serving Hashem; similar to a Cohen who had to wash his hands before serving in the Bet Hamikdash.
- Part of the soul leaves the body when one sleeps, therefore sleeping is considered a mini-death which generates impurity which needs to be washed away.
One should then wash one's face in honor of one's Maker, since the Pasuk says that man was created in Hashem's image.
One should be careful to dry one's hands and face, for health reasons.
One should also rinse one's mouth, in anticipation of saying Hashem's name during prayers.
On fast-days one may not rinse one's mouth.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:1, 3, 121:10
- Danny
Tuesday, August 4, 2015
Halocho #1635- May one say Tehillim by heart?
The Torah is divided into two parts: The written-law (Tanach) and the oral-law (Mishna and Gemara).
Even if one knows parts of the written-law by heart, one should be careful not say them without a text.
The exception being those verses that everybody knows by heart, like those Tehillim said often during prayers like אַשְׁרֵי.
If possible, one should pray from a Siddur, since Davening includes many verses that not everybody knows by heart.
Blind people are allowed to say everything by heart.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 1:6
- Danny
Tuesday, 19 Menachem Av 5775
Monday, August 3, 2015
Halocho #1634 - How do I know if fruit is Kosher?
Fresh fruit is always Kosher, however it may have an עָרְלָה (tree less than 3 years old) problem, as we've learned in the past few days.
When in doubt if the tree is less than 4 years old:
- In Israel the fruit from such a tree is forbidden. (This is one of the reasons that fruit needs Rabbinic Supervision in Israel. Other issues include Shmita, נֶטַע רְבָעִי - the 4th year fruit - and the separation of Terumot and Ma'asrot.)
- Outside of Israel the fruit is allowed, as long as you don’t pick it yourself. This is the way Moshe was given the Halocho at Har Sinai.
Source: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 173, Mishna Orlo, 3:9
- Danny
Monday, 18 Menachem Av 5775
Sunday, August 2, 2015
Halocho #1633 - What comes after Orlo?
Orlo - עָרְלָה - is the Torah prohibition of eating fruit from trees less than 3 years old, as per last Wednesday's Halocho.
In the 4th year the fruit is called נֶטַע רְבָעִי and needs to be "redeemed" by transferring its status onto a coin. The coin needs to be worth at least a "Peruta" (0.025 grams of pure silver; about 1¼ US pennies at today's rate.)
In Israel one makes a Bracha when redeeming נֶטַע רְבָעִי:
After redeeming them, the נֶטַע רְבָעִי - the 4th year fruit - can be eaten, anywhere by anybody.
Sources: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 173:2
- Danny
Sunday, 17 Menachem Av 5775